Sample Exam Set A Flashcards
Question #1 (1 Point)
Which of the following statements describe a valid test objective?
a) To prove that there are no unfixed defects in the system under test
b) To prove that there will be no failures after the implementation of the system into production
c) To reduce the risk level of the test object and to build confidence in the quality level
d) To verify that there are no untested combinations of inputs
Select ONE option.
C
a) Is not correct. It is impossible to prove that there are no defects anymore in the system under test. See testing principle 1
b) Is not correct. See testing principle 7
c) Is correct. Testing finds defects and failures which reduces the level of risk and at the same time gives more confidence in the quality level of the test object
d) Is not correct. It is impossible to test all combinations of inputs (see testing principle 2)
Question #2 (1 Point)
Which of the following options shows an example of test activities that contribute to success?
a) Having testers involved during various software development lifecycle (SDLC) activities will help to detect defects in work products
b) Testers try not to disturb the developers while coding, so that the developers write better code
c) Testers collaborating with end users help to improve the quality of defect reports during component integration and system testing
d) Certified testers will design much better test cases than non-certified testers
Select ONE option.
A
a) Is correct. It is important that testers are involved from the beginning of the software development lifecycle (SDLC). It will increase understanding of design decisions and will detect defects early.
b) Is not correct. Both developers and testers will have more understanding of each other’s work products and how to test the code
c) Is not correct. End users will not help the testers in increasing the quality of defect reports; also, users usually do not participate in low-level testing levels like integration testing
d) Is not correct. Being certified does not automatically mean that the tester will be better in test design
Question #3 (1 Point)
You have been assigned as a tester to a team producing a new system incrementally. You have noticed that no changes have been made to the existing regression test cases for several iterations and no new regression defects were identified. Your manager is happy, but you are not. Which testing principle explains your skepticism?
a) Tests wear out
b) Absence-of-errors fallacy
c) Defects cluster together
d) Exhaustive testing is impossible
Select ONE option.
A
a) Is correct. This principle means that if the same tests are repeated over and over again, eventually these tests no longer find any new defects. This is probably why the tests all passed in this release as well
b) Is not correct. This principle says about the mistaken belief that just finding and fixing a large number of defects will ensure the success of a system
c) Is not correct. This principle says that a small number of components usually contain most of the defects
d) Is not correct. This principle states that testing all combinations of inputs and preconditions is not feasible
Question #4 (1 Point)
You work in a team that develops a mobile application for food ordering. In the current iteration the team decided to implement the payment functionality.
Which of the following activities is a part of test analysis?
a) Estimating that testing the integration with the payment service will take 8 person-days
b) Deciding that the team should test if it is possible to properly share payment between many users
c) Using boundary value analysis (BVA) to derive the test data for the test cases that check the correct payment processing for the minimum allowed amount to be paid
d) Analyzing the discrepancy between the actual result and expected result after executing a test case that checks the process of payment with a credit card, and reporting a defect
Select ONE option.
B
a) Is not correct. Estimating the test effort is part of test planning
b) Is correct. This is an example of defining test conditions which is a part of test analysis
c) Is not correct. Using test techniques to derive coverage items is a part of test design
d) Is not correct. Reporting defects found during dynamic testing is a part of test execution
Question #5 (1 Point)
Which of the following factors (i-v) have SIGNIFICANT influence on the test process?
i. The SDLC
ii. The number of defects detected in previous projects
iii. The identified product risks
iv. New regulatory requirements forcing formal white-box testing
v. The test environment setup
a) i, ii have significant influence
b) i, iii, iv have significant influence
c) ii, iv, v have significant influence
d) iii, v have significant influence
Select ONE option.
B
i. Is true. The SDLC has an influence on the test process
ii. Is false. The number of defects detected in previous projects may have some influence, but this is not as significant as i, iii and iv
iii. Is true. The identified product risks are one of the most important factors influencing the test process
iv. Is true. Regulatory requirements are important factors influencing the test process
v. Is false. The test environment has no significant influence on the test process
Thus:
a) Is not correct
b) Is correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is not correct
Question #6 (1 Point)
Which TWO of the following tasks belong MAINLY to a testing role?
a) Configure test environments
b) Maintain the product backlog
c) Design solutions to new requirements
d) Create the test plan
e) Report on achieved coverage
Select TWO option.
A, E
a) Is correct. This is done by the testers
b) Is not correct. The product backlog is built and maintained by the product owner
c) Is not correct. This is done by the development team
d) Is not correct. This is a managerial role
e) Is correct. This is done by the testers
Question #7 (1 Point)
Which of the following skills (i-v) are the MOST important skills of a tester?
i. Having domain knowledge
ii. Creating a product vision
iii. Being a good team player
iv. Planning and organizing the work of the team
v. Critical thinking
a) ii and iv are important
b) i, iii and v are important
c) i, ii and v are important
d) iii and iv are important
Select ONE option.
B
i. Is true. Having domain knowledge is an important tester skill
ii. Is false. This is a task of the business analyst together with the business representative
iii. Is true. Being a good team player is an important skill
iv. Is false. Planning and organizing the work of the team is a task of the test manager or, mostly in an Agile software development project, the whole team and not just the tester
v. Is true. Critical thinking is one of the most important skills of testers
Thus:
a) Is not correct
b) Is correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is not correct
Question #8 (1 Point)
How is the whole team approach present in the interactions between testers and business
representatives?
a) Business representatives decide on test automation approaches
b) Testers help business representatives to define test strategy
c) Business representatives are not part of the whole team approach
d) Testers help business representatives to create suitable acceptance tests
Select ONE option.
D
a) Is not correct. The test automation approach is defined by testers with the help of developers and business representatives
b) Is not correct. The test strategy is decided in collaboration with the developers
c) Is not correct. Testers, developers, and business representatives are part of the whole team approach
d) Is correct. Testers will work closely with business representatives to ensure that the desired quality levels are achieved. This includes supporting and collaborating with them to help them create suitable acceptance tests
Question #9 (1 Point)
Consider the following rule: “for every SDLC activity there is a corresponding test activity”. In which SDLC models does this rule hold?
a) Only in sequential SDLC models
b) Only in iterative SDLC models
c) Only in iterative and incremental SDLC models
d) In sequential, incremental, and iterative SDLC models
Select ONE option.
D
a) Is not correct
b) Is not correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is correct. This rule holds for all SDLC models
Question #10 (1 Point)
Which of the following statements BEST describes the acceptance test-driven development (ATDD) approach?
a) In ATDD, acceptance criteria are typically created based on the given/when/then format
b) In ATDD, test cases are mainly created at component testing and are code-oriented
c) In ATDD, tests are created, based on acceptance criteria to drive the development of the related software
d) in ATDD, tests are based on the desired behavior of the software, which makes it easier for team members to understand them
Select ONE option.
C
a) Is not correct. It is more often used in behavior-driven development (BDD)
b) Is not correct. It is the description of test-driven development (TDD)
c) Is correct. In acceptance test-driven development (ATDD) tests are written from acceptance criteria as part of the design process
d) Is not correct. It is used in BDD
Question #11 (1 Point)
Which of the following is NOT an example of the shift left approach?
a) Reviewing the user requirements before they are formally accepted by the stakeholders
b) Writing a component test before the corresponding code is written
c) Executing a performance efficiency test for a component during component testing
d) Writing a test script before setting up the configuration management process
Select ONE option.
D
a) Is not correct. Early review is an example of the shift left approach
b) Is not correct. TDD is an example of the shift left approach
c) Is not correct. Early non-functional testing is an example of the shift left approach
d) Is correct. Test scripts should be subject to configuration management, so it makes no sense to create the test scripts before this process is set up
Question #12 (1 Point)
Which of the arguments below would you use to convince your manager to organize retrospectives
at the end of each release cycle?
a) Retrospectives are very popular these days and clients would appreciate it if we added them to our processes
b) Organizing retrospectives will save the organization money because without them end user representatives do not provide immediate feedback about the product
c) Process weaknesses identified during the retrospective can be analyzed and serve as a to
do list for the organization’s continuous process improvement program
d) Retrospectives embrace five values including courage and respect, which are crucial to
maintain continuous improvement in the organization
Select ONE option.
C
a) Is not correct. Retrospectives are more useful for identifying improvement opportunities and have little importance for clients
b) Is not correct. Business representatives are not giving feedback about the product itself. Therefore, there is no financial gain to the organization
c) Is correct. Regularly conducted retrospectives, when appropriate follow up activities occur, are critical to continual improvement of development and testing
d) Is not correct. Courage and respect are values of Extreme Programming and are not closely related to retrospectives
Question #13 (1 Point)
Which types of failures (1-4) fit which test levels (A-D) BEST?
- Failures in system behavior as it deviates from the user’s business needs
- Failures in communication between components
- Failures in logic in a module
- Failures in not correctly implemented business rules
A. Component testing
B. Component integration testing
C. System testing
D. Acceptance testing
a) 1D, 2B, 3A, 4C
b) 1D, 2B, 3C, 4A
c) 1B, 2A, 3D, 4C
d) 1C, 2B, 3A, 4D
Select ONE option.
A
Considering:
The test basis for acceptance testing is the user’s business needs (1D)
Communication between components is tested during component integration testing (2B)
Failures in logic can be found during component testing (3A)
Business rules are the test basis for system testing (4C)
Thus:
a) Is correct
b) Is not correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is not correct
Question #14 (1 Point)
You are testing a user story with three acceptance criteria: AC1, AC2 and AC3. AC1 is covered by test case TC1, AC2 by TC2, and AC3 by TC3. The test execution history had three test runs on three
consecutive versions of the software as follows (refer to attached image)
Tests are repeated once you are informed that all defects found in the test run are corrected and a new version of the software is available.
Which of the above tests are executed as regression tests?
a) Only 4, 7, 8, 9
b) Only 5, 7
c) Only 4, 6, 8, 9
d) Only 5, 6
Select ONE option.
B
Because TC1 and TC3 failed in Execution 1 (i.e., test (1) and test (3)), test (4) and test (6) are confirmation tests.
Because TC2 and TC3 failed in Execution 2 (i.e., tests (5) and (6)), test (8) and test (9) are also confirmation tests.
TC2 passed in Execution 1 (i.e., test (2)), so test (5) is a regression test.
TC1 passed in the Execution 2 (i.e., test (4)), so test (7) is also a regression test.
Thus:
a) Is not correct
b) Is correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is not correct
Question #15 (1 Point)
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of static testing?
a) Having less expensive defect management due to the ease of detecting defects later in the SDLC
b) Fixing defects found during static testing is generally much less expensive than fixing defects
found during dynamic testing
c) Finding coding defects that might not have been found by only performing dynamic testing
d) Detecting gaps and inconsistencies in requirements
Select ONE option.
A
a) Is correct. Defect management is no less expensive. Finding and fixing defects later in SDLC is more costly
b) Is not correct. This is a benefit of static testing
c) Is not correct. This is a benefit of static testing
d) Is not correct. This is a benefit of static testing
Question #16 (1 Point)
Which of the following is a benefit of early and frequent feedback?
a) It improves the test process for future projects
b) It forces customers to prioritize their requirements based on agreed risks
c) It is the only way to measure the quality of changes
d) It helps avoid requirements misunderstandings
Select ONE option.
D
a) Is not correct. Feedback can improve the test process, but if one only wants to improve future projects, the feedback does not need to come early or frequently
b) Is not correct. Feedback is not used to prioritize requirements
c) Is not correct. The quality of changes can be measured in multiple ways
d) Is correct. Early and frequent feedback allows for the early communication of potential quality problems
Question #17 (1 Point)
The reviews being used in your organization have the following attributes:
- There is the role of a scribe
- The main purpose is to evaluate quality
- The meeting is led by the author of the work product
- There is individual preparation
- A review report is produced
Which of the following review types is MOST likely being used?
a) Informal review
b) Walkthrough
c) Technical review
d) Inspection
Select ONE option.
B
Considering the attributes:
Specified for walkthroughs, technical reviews, and inspections; thus, the reviews being performed cannot be informal reviews
The purpose of evaluating quality is one of the most important objectives of a walkthrough
This is not allowed for inspections and is typically not done in technical reviews. A moderator is needed in walkthroughs and is allowed for informal reviews
All types of reviews can include individual preparation (even informal reviews)
All types of reviews can produce a review report, although informal reviews do not require documentation
Thus:
a) Is not correct
b) Is correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is not correct
Question #18 (1 Point)
Which of these statements is NOT a factor that contributes to successful reviews?
a) Participants should dedicate adequate time for the review
b) Splitting large work products into small parts to make the required effort less intense
c) Participants should avoid behaviors that might indicate boredom, exasperation, or hostility to other participants
d) Failures found should be acknowledged, appreciated, and handled objectively
Select ONE option.
D
a) Is not correct. Adequate time for individuals is a success factor
b) Is not correct. Splitting work products into small adequate parts is a success factor
c) Is not correct. Avoiding behaviors that might indicate boredom, exasperation, etc. is a success factor
d) Is correct. During reviews one can find defects, not failures
Question #19 (1 Point)
Which of the following is a characteristic of experience-based test techniques?
a) Test cases are created based on detailed design information
b) Items tested within the interface code section are used to measure coverage
c) The techniques heavily rely on the tester’s knowledge of the software and the business domain
d) The test cases are used to identify deviations from the requirements
Select ONE option.
C
a) Is not correct. This is a common characteristic of white-box test techniques. Test conditions, test cases, and test data are derived from a test basis that may include code, software architecture, detailed design, or any other source of information regarding the structure of the software.
b) Is not correct. This is a common characteristic of white-box test techniques. Coverage is measured based on the items tested within a selected structure and the technique applied to the test basis
c) Is correct. This is a common characteristic of experience-based test techniques. This knowledge and experience include expected use of the software, its environment, likely defects, and the distribution of those defects is used to define tests
d) Is not correct. This is a common characteristic of black-box test techniques. Test cases may be used to detect gaps within requirements and the implementation of the requirements, as well as deviations from the requirements
Question #20 (1 Point)
You are testing a simplified apartment search form which has only two search criteria:
- floor (with three possible options: ground floor; first floor; second or higher floor)
- garden type (with three possible options: no garden; small garden; large garden)
Only apartments on the ground floor have gardens. The form has a built-in validation mechanism that will not allow you to use the search criteria which violate this rule.
Each test has two input values: floor and garden type. You want to apply equivalence partitioning (EP) to cover each floor and each garden type in your tests.
What is the minimal number of test cases to achieve 100% EP coverage?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Select ONE option.
B
“Small garden” and “large garden” can go only with “ground floor”, so we need two test cases with “ground floor” which cover these two “garden type” partitions.
We need two more test cases to cover the two other “floor” partitions and a remaining ”garden type” partition of “no garden”.
We need a total of four test cases:
TC1 (ground floor, small garden)
TC2 (ground floor, large garden)
TC3 (first floor, no garden)
TC4 (second or higher floor, no garden)
Thus:
a) Is not correct
b) Is correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is not correct
Question #21 (1 Point)
You are testing a system that calculates the final course grade for a given student.
The final grade is assigned based on the final result, according to the following rules:
- 0 – 50 points: failed
- 51 – 60 points: fair
- 61 – 70 points: satisfactory
- 71 – 80 points: good
- 81 – 90 points: very good
- 91 – 100 points: excellent
You have prepared the following set of test cases (refer to attached image):
What is the 2-value Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) coverage for the final result that is achieved with the existing test cases?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 33.3%
d) 100%
Select ONE option.
A
There are 12 boundary values for the final result values: 0, 50, 51, 60, 61, 70, 71, 80, 81, 90, 91, and 100.
The test cases cover six of them (TC1 – 91, TC2 – 50, TC3 – 81, TC4 – 60, TC5 – 70 and TC7 – 51).
Therefore, the test cases cover 6/12 = 50%.
Thus:
a) Is correct
b) Is not correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is not correct
Question #22 (1 Point)
Your favorite bicycle daily rental store has just introduced a new Customer Relationship
Management system and asked you, one of their most loyal members, to test it.
The implemented features are as follows:
- Anyone can rent a bicycle, but members receive a 20% discount
- However, if the return deadline is missed, the discount is no longer available
- After 15 rentals, members get a gift: a T-Shirt
- Decision table describing the implemented features looks as follows (refer to attached image):
Based ONLY on the feature description of the Customer Relationship Management system, which
of the above rules describes an impossible situation?
a) R4
b) R2
c) R6
d) R8
Select ONE option.
D
a) Is not correct. A member without a missed deadline can get a discount and a gift T-Shirt after 15 bicycle rentals
b) Is not correct. A member without a missed deadline can get a discount but no gift T-Shirt until they rented a bicycle 15 times
c) Is not correct. Non-members cannot get a discount, even if they did not miss a deadline yet
d) Is correct. No discount as a non-member that has also missed a deadline, but only members can receive a gift T-Shirt. Hence, the action is not correct
Question #23 (1 Point)
You test a system whose lifecycle is modeled by the state transition diagram shown below. The system starts in the INIT state and ends its operation in the OFF state.
What is the MINIMAL number of test cases to achieve valid transitions coverage?
a) 4
b) 2
c) 7
d) 3
Select ONE option.
D
“test” and “error” transitions cannot occur in one test case.
Neither can both “done” transitions.
This means we need at least three test cases to achieve transition coverage. For example:
TC1: test, done
TC2: run, error, done
TC3: run, pause, resume, pause, done
Thus:
a) Is not correct
b) Is not correct
c) Is not correct
d) Is correct
Question #24 (1 Point)
Your test suite achieved 100% statement coverage. What is the consequence of this fact?
a) Each instruction in the code that contains a defect has been executed at least once
b) Any test suite containing more test cases than your test suite will also achieve 100%
statement coverage
c) Each path in the code has been executed at least once
d) Every combination of input values has been tested at least once
Select ONE option.
A
a) Is correct. Since 100% statement coverage is achieved, every statement, including the ones with defects, must have been executed and evaluated at least once
b) Is not correct. Coverage depends on what is tested, not on the number of test cases. For example, for code “if (x==0) y=1”, one test case (x=0) achieves 100% statement coverage, but two test cases (x=1) and (x=2) together achieve only 50% statement coverage
c) Is not correct. If there is a loop in the code there may be an infinite number of possible paths, so it is not possible to execute all the possible paths in the code
d) Is not correct. Exhaustive testing is not possible (see the seven testing principles section in the syllabus). For example, for code “input x; print x” any single test with arbitrary x achieves 100% statement coverage, but covers one input value