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2: Particles > Sam Ellis Particles > Flashcards

Sam Ellis Particles Flashcards

1
Q

Most of an atom is ______

A

Empty Space.

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2
Q

the Proton number is also known as the

A

ATOMIC NOº / Z Number

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3
Q

The mass number is also known as

A

Total number of protons and neutrons

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4
Q

Define specific charge

A

Charge to mass ratio (Charge in C / Mass in KG)

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5
Q

What makes something an isotope? (structure)

A

The same atomic number but different mass number (same protons different neutrons)

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6
Q

Compare carbon-12 and carbon-13’s chemical properties.

A

Isotopes have = chemical properties but BIG changes in stability.

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7
Q

What do we mean by isotopic data?

A

The amount of different isotopes in a substance.

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8
Q

What are the 3 forces acting on nucleons?

A

EM Force

Gravity

STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE

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9
Q

At what range is the strong nuclear force attractive?

A

0.5 - 3 fM

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10
Q

What is a femto-meter?

A

1 x 10-15m

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11
Q

How does the strong nuclear force act on different nucleons?

A

THE SAME for P-P N-P N-N

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12
Q

What’s a use of isotopic data?

A

Carbon dating using carbon 13 abundance.

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13
Q

Unstable nucli ______

A

Give off particles to stablise themselves

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14
Q

Beta decay happens in _____ Nucli

A

Smaller

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15
Q

alpha decay happens in _____ Nucli

A

larger

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16
Q

Write a generic equation showing B- decay.

A

N -> P + E- + (ANTI ELECTRON NEUTRINO)

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17
Q

Why was the neutrino hypothesised?

A

Just an electron doesn’t conserve momentum or energy or lepton number

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18
Q

A Photon is

A

A discrete packet of energy

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19
Q

What’s the equation that links frequency and energy

A

E=hf

energy = E =joules
Planks Constant = h = Constant
frequency = f = Hz

20
Q

Anti particles have the same ___ But opposing ____

A

Same = mass

opposing = charge baryon number and lepton number

21
Q

What is pair production?

A

When one photon of at least the rest mass (energy) of an antiparticle particle pair spontaneously becomes that p/ap pair.

22
Q

Why do we often pair produce e- and e+ pairs?

A

Electrons have a low rest energy (mass)

23
Q

Whats annihilation? and how much energy does the product have?

A

2 Particles (anti particle and particle pair) collide producing 2 photons of equal energy. The energy of the photons produced is (the rest mass + the total Ke)

24
Q

What’s PET? (positron emission spectroscopy)

A

We pass a positron emmiting source into the blood
We then look for an increase in photons from annihilation
this is detected by a scintilator.

25
Q

What does the strong nuclear force effect?

A

Hadrons only (mesons and baryons)

26
Q

What is the only stable nucleon?

A

a FREE proton

27
Q

All baryons eventually decay to ____

A

Protons.

28
Q

In strong interactions _____ is always conserved

A

STRANGNESS

29
Q

What is the exchange particle of the strong force

A

The pion.

30
Q

Which is heavier Kº or πº?

A

Kº - decays to pions via weak nuclear force.

31
Q

In the weak nuclear interaction ____ is not conserved

A

Strangeness.

32
Q

mesons interact with _____ via the _____

A

Baryons — strong nuclear force.

33
Q

What are the 4 fundamental forces and what are their exchange particles?

A

Gravity - Graviton

Strong Nu - Pion

Weak Nu - W-/W+

EM - γ virtual photon.

34
Q

π vs k

A

Kaon is strange.

35
Q

Leptons are ____ Particles

A

Fundamental

36
Q

Leptons interact via ____, _____ and _____ not _____

A

Weak
Em
Gravity

NOT STRONG - They’re fundamental.

37
Q

What is a muon?

A

A Heavy electron that will decay to form an electron.

38
Q

What gives rise to strange particles?

A

The strong nuclear force only.

39
Q

What is the strangeness of Kº K+ and K-

A

Kº = +/- 1
K+ = 1
K- = -1

40
Q

Mesons are made up from _____

A

quark anti quark pair

41
Q

Explain quark confinement.

A

The idea that quarks cannot exist by themselves. They can only exist as a hadron.
If you put energy into remove a U you keep going until you end up forming a U aU pair.

42
Q

Weak interaction can ______ Quarks

A

Change the character (U –> D for eg)

43
Q

a W+ boson has _____ of a proton this explains _____

A

100x the mass. The short range of the weak force.

44
Q

What’s the range of the electrostatic force? why?

A

INFINITE. (photon has no mass so can travel infinite amounts)

45
Q

define electron volt

A

the work done on an electron in accelerating it through a potential difference of one volt.

2: Particles (1 decks)

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