salts, acids, bases preparation Flashcards
what do all acids contain?
hydrogen
what is the symbol for ethanoic acid?
CH3COOH
do metals below hydrogen in the metal reactivity series react with dilute acids?
no
do metals above hydrogen in the metal reactivity series react with dilute acids? explain
yes. they produce hydrogen gas. this is because they are more reactive
what is an acronym to rememebr the reaction with metals and acids?
MASH
metals +acids -> salt + hydrogen
give some examples of a base
metal oxide, metal hydroxide, ammonia, (metal)
what is the reaction between a metal oxide and acid?
metal oxide + acid -> salt + water
what do some metals combine with water to produce?
they form metal hydroxides
e.g., Na2O + H2O - 2NaOH
what is the symbol for ammonia?
NH3
what is the difference btween ammonia and ammonium?
ammonia - NH3
ammonium - NH4+ - ammonium is ionised
wjat happens when ammonia reacts with water?
ammonium (NH4+) ions and hydroxide (OH-) ions are produced
what happens when metal hydroxides and acids react?
metal hydroxide + metal -> salt + water
what is the ionic equation for mixing a metal hydroxide a dilute HCl?
OH- + H+ -> H2O
what do all neutralisation reactions with an acid reacting with an alkali have in common?
they are all the same. they all involve the hydroxide ions from the alkali rweacting with the H+ ions from the acid to form water
OH- + H+ -> H2O
what happens when a carbonate and acid react?
carbonate+ acid -> salt + carbon dioxide + water
describe the pattern of solubility
all sodium, potassium, ammonium compounds are soluble
- all nitrates are soluble
- most common chlorides are soluble, except lead (II) chloride and silver chloride
- most common sulfates are soluble, except lead (II) sulphate, barium sulphate, silver sulfate, and calcium sulfate
- most common carbonates are insoluble, except sodium, potassium, and ammonium carbonates
- most metal hydroxides are insoluble (or almost insoluble), except sodium, potassium, and amonium hydroxides. calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble in water
what are acids and bases in terms of proton transfer?
acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors
(Acids
Donate protons (H+) when they ionize in solution. The H+ ions make the solution acidic. For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) ionizes to produce H+ (aq) and Cl– (aq).
Bases
Accept protons donated by acids when they ionize in solution. The OH- ions produced make the solution alkaline. For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ionizes to produce Na+ (aq) and OH– (aq)._)
what are alkalis?
bases that are soluble in water
what is the test for hydrogen
hold a lit splint at the open end of a test tube containing the gas:
If the gas is hydrogen, the splint will burn with a loud “squeaky pop”. This is because the hydrogen reacts with oxygen in the air to produce water
what is the test for oxygen
hold a glowing splint in a test tube of gas:
Observation: If the splint relights, oxygen is present
Explanation: Oxygen supports combustion, or burning by heat
what is the test for carbon dioxide
The test for carbon dioxide is to bubble the gas through limewater, which is a solution of calcium hydroxide:
If carbon dioxide is present, the limewater will turn from colorless to a cloudy or milky white color. This is because the carbon dioxide reacts with the calcium hydroxide to form a white precipitate of calcium carbonate, also known as chalk or limestone.
Extinguishing a burning splint is not a definitive test for carbon dioxide because other gases, such as nitrogen, can also do this.
what is the test for ammonia
use damp red litmus paper, which turns blue in the presence of ammonia
what is the test for chlorine?
use damp blue litmus paper, which will turn red and then white if chlorine gas is present
