salts, acids, bases preparation

Question 1

what do all acids contain?

Answer 1

hydrogen

Question 2

what is the symbol for ethanoic acid?

Answer 2

CH3COOH

Question 3

do metals below hydrogen in the metal reactivity series react with dilute acids?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

do metals above hydrogen in the metal reactivity series react with dilute acids? explain

Answer 4

yes. they produce hydrogen gas. this is because they are more reactive

Question 5

what is an acronym to rememebr the reaction with metals and acids?

Answer 5

MASH
metals +acids -> salt + hydrogen

Question 6

give some examples of a base

Answer 6

metal oxide, metal hydroxide, ammonia, (metal)

Question 7

what is the reaction between a metal oxide and acid?

Answer 7

metal oxide + acid -> salt + water

Question 8

what do some metals combine with water to produce?

Answer 8

they form metal hydroxides
e.g., Na2O + H2O - 2NaOH

Question 9

what is the symbol for ammonia?

Answer 9

NH3

Question 10

what is the difference btween ammonia and ammonium?

Answer 10

ammonia - NH3
ammonium - NH4+ - ammonium is ionised

Question 11

wjat happens when ammonia reacts with water?

Answer 11

ammonium (NH4+) ions and hydroxide (OH-) ions are produced

Question 12

what happens when metal hydroxides and acids react?

Answer 12

metal hydroxide + metal -> salt + water

Question 13

what is the ionic equation for mixing a metal hydroxide a dilute HCl?

Answer 13

OH- + H+ -> H2O

Question 14

what do all neutralisation reactions with an acid reacting with an alkali have in common?

Answer 14

they are all the same. they all involve the hydroxide ions from the alkali rweacting with the H+ ions from the acid to form water
OH- + H+ -> H2O

Question 15

what happens when a carbonate and acid react?

Answer 15

carbonate+ acid -> salt + carbon dioxide + water

Question 16

describe the pattern of solubility

Answer 16

all sodium, potassium, ammonium compounds are soluble
- all nitrates are soluble
- most common chlorides are soluble, except lead (II) chloride and silver chloride
- most common sulfates are soluble, except lead (II) sulphate, barium sulphate, silver sulfate, and calcium sulfate
- most common carbonates are insoluble, except sodium, potassium, and ammonium carbonates
- most metal hydroxides are insoluble (or almost insoluble), except sodium, potassium, and amonium hydroxides. calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble in water

Question 17

what are acids and bases in terms of proton transfer?

Answer 17

acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors

(Acids
Donate protons (H+) when they ionize in solution. The H+ ions make the solution acidic. For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) ionizes to produce H+ (aq) and Cl– (aq).
Bases
Accept protons donated by acids when they ionize in solution. The OH- ions produced make the solution alkaline. For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ionizes to produce Na+ (aq) and OH– (aq)._)

Question 18

what are alkalis?

Answer 18

bases that are soluble in water

Question 19

what is the test for hydrogen

Answer 19

hold a lit splint at the open end of a test tube containing the gas:
If the gas is hydrogen, the splint will burn with a loud “squeaky pop”. This is because the hydrogen reacts with oxygen in the air to produce water

Question 20

what is the test for oxygen

Answer 20

hold a glowing splint in a test tube of gas:
Observation: If the splint relights, oxygen is present
Explanation: Oxygen supports combustion, or burning by heat

Question 21

what is the test for carbon dioxide

Answer 21

The test for carbon dioxide is to bubble the gas through limewater, which is a solution of calcium hydroxide:
If carbon dioxide is present, the limewater will turn from colorless to a cloudy or milky white color. This is because the carbon dioxide reacts with the calcium hydroxide to form a white precipitate of calcium carbonate, also known as chalk or limestone.
Extinguishing a burning splint is not a definitive test for carbon dioxide because other gases, such as nitrogen, can also do this.

Question 22

what is the test for ammonia

Answer 22

use damp red litmus paper, which turns blue in the presence of ammonia

Question 23

what is the test for chlorine?

Answer 23

use damp blue litmus paper, which will turn red and then white if chlorine gas is present