salmonella enterica

Question 1

enterobacteriae

Answer 1

1) e coli
2) salmonella
3) shigella
4) etc.

Question 2

e coli

Answer 2

1) causes 90% of bladder and lower UTIs
2) some kidney and upper UTI
3) gastroenteritis, meningitis, septicemia

Question 3

enterotoxogenic e coli

Answer 3

1) travellers diarrhea with cramps, nausea, vomiting, etc.

Question 4

enterohemorrhagic e coli

Answer 4

1) hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 5

salmonella

Answer 5

1) more than 2000 antigenic types of salmonella
2) s. enteritidis is a subspecies but basically called salmonella
3) can cause gastroenteritis, typhoid fever, enterocolitis
4) salmonella causes about 1 million cases of food poisoning each year

Question 6

shigella

Answer 6

1) shigella species cause dysentery
2) bloodstained, mucopurulent stools
3) shiga toxin

Question 7

yersinia

Answer 7

1) pulmonary plague and gasteroenteritisy
2) urcan plague and sylvatic plague

Question 8

y. pestis

Answer 8

1) black death
2) 25 million deaths in europe

Question 9

klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 9

1) multiple absesses, nosocomial infections, pneumonia

Question 10

citrobacter

Answer 10

1) opportunistic and bacteremia

Question 11

campylobacter jejuni

Answer 11

1) most common cause of infectious diarrhea
2) also some x concisus and c. rectus are involved in periodontal disease

Question 12

h. pylori

Answer 12

1 )chronic gastritis and increased risk of peptic ulcers

Question 13

features of enterobacteria

Answer 13

1) largest, most heterogeneous collection of G- bacilli
2) normal flora of GI
3) excretion from GI tract
4) enteric and UTI infections

Question 14

shigella, salmonella, yersenia pestis

Answer 14

1) always disease
2) not normal flora

Question 15

e coli, klebsiella, one more

Answer 15

1) commensal

Question 16

enterobacteria originate from

Answer 16

1) animal reservoirs, human carriers, endogenous spread

Question 17

physiology and structure of enterobacteria

Answer 17

1) gram - bacilli, motile or non motile, do not form spores
2) aerobes and facultative anaerobes
3) have CAPSULE
4) reduction of nitrate to nitrite

Question 18

enterobacteria serological classification

Answer 18

1) O antigen
- outer polysaccharide
2) K antigen
- capsular polysaccharide
3) H antigen
- on the flagellar proteins

Question 19

virulence factors

Answer 19

1) endotoxin (LPS)
2) capsule
3) antigenic phase variation
4) alternative expression of capsular K and flagellar H antigen
5) exotoxin production
6) fimbriae
7) siderophores and hemolysins
8) resistance to serum killing
9) antimicrobial resistance

Question 20

e coli clinical syndromes

Answer 20

1) septicemia
- originate from UT or GI tract but penetrate into blood
2) UTI
- most are hospital acquired
-ascending infections can migrate to prostate or kidneys
- adhesins
3) neonatal meningitis
- streptococci agalactiae
4) gastroenteritis

Question 21

five groups of gastroenteritis

Answer 21

know there are 5
1) know the 2
- enterotoxigenic
(watery diarrhea, travelers diarrhea)
- enterohemorrhagic (shiga like toxin, pretty rare, bloody diarrhea, acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, spread to other UK contries)

Question 22

antibiotic use against ecoli?

Answer 22

no recommended
2) disruption of bacteria and release of endotoxin

Question 23

virulent salmnelle

Answer 23

1) the virulent ones are s. enterica serotypes
2) originally different species
3) s enteritidis
4) which express H antigen and flagella
5) salmonella typhi and paratyphi do not cause disease in non human hosts
6) contaminated water or food products
7) direct fecal oral spread

Question 24

salmonella clinical syndromes

Answer 24

1) enterocolitis
2) speticemia

Question 25

shigells

Answer 25

1) cause bacterial dysentery - primarily pediatric disease of dirty hands 2) foodborne is uncommon

Question 26

shigella pathogenesis

Answer 26

1) exotoxins 2) bloody mucopurulent diarrhea 2) intense inflammatory response 4) stx2 and stx 2 5) toxins are named after kiyoshi shiga whaich described the bacterial origin 6) deactivate the 28s RNA of the 60s ribosomal subunit

Question 27

shigella clinical syndromes

Answer 27

1 ) abdominal cramps, invasion of colonic mucosa, destruction of superficial mucosal layer 2) bacteremia is uncommon 3) ciprofloxacin (fluroquinolone) and azithromycin (macrolide) to reduce secondary spread

Question 28

yersinia

Answer 28

1) zoonotic 2)urban plague, control rats and hygiene 3) eliminated in modern society 4) early antibiotic use is essential - tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, aminoglycosides, rifamycin, beta-lactams

Question 29

yersinia enterocolitica

Answer 29

1) enterocolitis 2) diarrhea, fever 3) contaminated food or water 3) trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole

Question 30

klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 30

1) commensals 2) wound and soft tissue infections 3) fever cough 4) mucous like colonies

Question 31

proteus mirabilis

Answer 31

1) grows in swarming patterns and aggregates

Question 32

enterobacter, cirobacter, serratia, providencia

Answer 32

1) hospital acquired infections 2) for enterobacter infection - 4th generation cephalosporins, 3) citrobacter; other antibiotics

Question 33

campylobacter

Answer 33

1) bipolar flagella - invades epithelium - net fluid loss - following infection, produce cytolethal distending toxin 2) macrolides in immunocompromised patients

Question 34

H.pylori

Answer 34

Omeprazole treatment and amoxicillin Found in peptic ulcers

Question 35

h pylori and ulcers

Answer 35

1) he showed that h pylori can be isolated from ulcer lesions 2) att