Salivary Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 key components of the salivary duct system, for salivary secretion?

A

acini and striated ducts

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2
Q

what is the function of the acini?

A

produces the primary salivary secretion

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3
Q

What is the function of the striated duct?

A

modifies the secretion

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4
Q

what is an electrolyte?

A

substances that have a natural positive or negative electrical charge when dissolved in water.

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5
Q

what are the constituents of saliva?

A

water
electroyltes (Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3- (bicarbonate))
organic compounds

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6
Q

At resting, what is the Na+ and K+ concentrations inside and outside of the acinar cell?

A

Inside = Low Na+ and high K+
Outside = High Na+ and low K+

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7
Q

What happens when a nerve activates the acinar cell

A
  • Causes an increase in membrane permeability to K+
  • Facilitated by a calcium ion release
  • Net affect - increase off all membranes to K+
  • Because K+ conc is high inside the cell, K+ will leak out down its conc gradient - will go into the lumen
  • Results in K+ into the primary secretion
  • also results in an increase in K+ in the connectibe tissue side as well as the lumen
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8
Q

What does the increase in extracellular K+ activate?

A

This increase in extra-cellular K+ activated a co-transporter - this co-transports Na+, K+ and Cl- into the cell (active transport), triggered by the increase of K+ outside of the cell

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9
Q

The co-transporter, transports Na+, K+ and Cl- into the cell, what does this result in?

A
  • increase in exchange, so the Na+/K+ works harder and transports Na+ out of the cell = no increase intracellularly of Na+
  • opening of Cl- channels, and the increase of Cl- and K+ out into the lumen = into dalivary secretion, = shift in charge due to Cl-
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10
Q

When the Cl- is in the lumen, this causes a shift in charge, what is drawn into the secretion to balance this charge?

A

Na+ is drawn into the secretion between the cells to balance the charge
H20 is dragged down between the cells aswell to address the osmotic balance

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11
Q

True or false: the ionic concentrations of the primary acinar secretion is similar to plasma?

A

True

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12
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

a solution with the same water and solute concentration as body fluids

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13
Q

when the primary secretion going through the striated duct system, it goes from an isotonic solution to a …?

A

hypotonic solution - less concentrated solution

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14
Q

What constituent of saliva acts as a buffer?

A

HCO3- (bicarbonate)

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15
Q

What is resorbed in the striated ducts and what is secreted into the saliva?

A

resorption of Na+ and Cl-
secretion of HCO3- and K+

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16
Q

At rest are striated ducts permeable or impermeable to water?

A

impermeable

17
Q

When flow rates are low do we get a high or low concentration of Na+ in the saliva?

A

very low - much more time of resorption of Na+

18
Q

If the gland activity is high, do we get a high or low concentration of HCO3- in the saliva?

A

High - active transport

19
Q

In the para-sympathetics, where do they pre-ganglionic neurons come from?

A

brain stem and S2-S4

20
Q

In the sympathetics where do the pre-ganglionic neurons come from?

A

T1 - L2

21
Q

do sympathetics have a long or short post ganglionic axon?

A

long

22
Q

do parasympathetics have a long or short pre ganglionic axon?

A

long

23
Q

What is the neurotransmitter at the sympathtic ganglionic synapse/

A

Acetylcholine

24
Q

What neurotransmitter does a sympethetic axon release at its target tissue?

A

Noradrenaline (predominantly) or acetylcholine

25
Q

what neurotransmitter does parasympathetics release at both the ganglion and the target tissue?

A

Acetylcholine

26
Q

What is the clinical appearance of Frey’s syndrome?

A

Causes face to sweat when eating certain foods
(gustatory sweating)

27
Q

What can cause Frey’s syndrome?

A

Damage to the auriculotemporal nerve (parasympathetics to the salivary gland and sympathetics to the facial sweat gland) during parotid gland surgery
Regeneration of damaged nerves can cause nerves to be mixed and redirected

28
Q

What nerve is damaged in Frey’s syndrome?

A

auriculotemporal nerve - CNV

29
Q

What is the initiating signals for salivation?

A

gustatory afferents - sour, sweet, salt, bitter
mechanoreceptive afferents
- periodontal, mucosal, joint, muscle
other afferents

30
Q

are the initiating signals for salvation ipsilateral or bilateral?

A

Ipsilateral

31
Q

What is the receptor for parasympathetics in salivary secretion?

A

musarninic

32
Q

When muscarinic receptors are stimulated by parasymathetics what is the result?

A

increased K+ permeability
1st stage in acinar ionic secretion
responsible for most of the increase in volume of saliva flow
small, variable increase in organic components
contraction of myoepithelial cells

33
Q

What is the antagonist for parasympethtic control of salivary secretion

A

atropine

34
Q

Remak’s ganglion is the parasympathetic ganglion to what salivary gland?

A

lingual

35
Q

otic ganglion is the parasympathetic ganglion to what salivary gland?

A

parotid

36
Q

submandibular ganglion is the parasympathetic ganglion to what salivary gland?

A

sublingual AND submandibular

37
Q

pterygopalatine ganglion is the parasympathetic ganglion to what salivary gland?

A

palatal

38
Q
A