Salivary Glands/Flow

Question 1

Saliva

Answer 1

hypotonic relative to serum

Question 2

Superior salivatory nucleus

Answer 2

supplies sublingual and submandibular via CN7

Question 3

Inferior salivartory nucleus

Answer 3

parotid glands, runs with glossopharyngeal 9 -> lesser superficial nerve -> otic ganglion -> short post-gang fibers

Question 4

Salivary glands under

Answer 4

AUTONOMIC NS control
Stimulus @ tongue -> 7/8/9 nerves -> Dorsal visceral grey at brainstem OR superior salivary nucleus -> submandibular gland

Question 5

Stimuli

Answer 5

Pharmacologic (pilocarpine -> increases flow rate, increase [protein] 5x normal

Question 6

Gustatory

Answer 6

taste, increase flow rate and slightly increase protein

*acid is most potent, sim to pharmalogical

Question 7

Innervation

Answer 7

B- adrenergic -> low volume,high protein conc

A-adrenergic/cholinergic -> large volume and electrolyte secretion, LOW protein

Question 8

Salivary Secretion

Answer 8

Na+ (3-90 mM) - increases salivary flow, increase logarithmically. highest at high flow
HCO3- (1-60) increases salivary flow, increases logarithmically (2nd highest at high flow). Buffers saliva
Cl- (12-50mM) - increases salivary flow, increases linearly [3rd highest at high flow
K+ (5-10mM) - increases at salivary BUT goes back to stable concentration
PO4 (4mM) SALIVARY conc > serum
Ca (.9mM)

Question 9

Stimulus secretion coupling mechanisms

Answer 9

biphasic hyper polarization of cell membrane

Question 10

Stimulus secretion coupling Mechanism Steps

Answer 10

1. Nerve stimulus -> +nucleotide cyclase synthase -> increase cAMP -> stopping salivation: PDEs degrade caMP which alters amount of protein kinases, phosphoprotein phosphatase
2. Ca influx from SR or extract
   Calmodulin binds calcium -> activates cyclic nucleotide synthases/phosphodiesterases and Ca-ATPase -> stimulate secretion
3. Protein secretion
   -Proteins syn in Rough ER -> vesicles or RER pinches off. Golgi adds carbs
   -Condensing vacuoles - nascent secretory granules
   -Zymogen granules - mature secretory granules
   - Exocytosis via fusing w/ PM