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1BDS Anatomy > Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Give the composition of saliva

A

99% water, 1% dissolved chemicals

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2
Q

Give the protein composition of saliva (6)

A 
mucin glycoproteins
alpha amylase
proline-rich proteins
lactoferrin
immunoglobulin A
lysozyme
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3
Q

Give the 5 main functions of saliva

A
  • prevents dehydration of oral mucosa
  • lubrication of mastication and swallowing
  • maintaining proper dental hygiene
  • assist in digestion of carbohydrates
  • act as solvent for taste and smell
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4
Q

Is saliva more or less concentrated than plasma?

A

More and so is hypotonic

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5
Q

What is the name for the basic unit of a salivary gland?

A

The Salivon

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6
Q

By which process does the Salivon excrete saliva?

A

Exocytosis

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7
Q

What is the head of the salivon called?

A

Acinus

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8
Q

What type of cells does the acinus contain? (shape and classification by function)

A

Pyramidal-shaped cells serous and mucous cells

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9
Q

What type of cells surround the pyramidal-shaped cells and what are their function?

A

surrounded by myoepithelial cells which contract and expel the secretions of the exocrine gland

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10
Q

What are the 3 classes of ducts found in the salivon?

A
  • intercalated duct
  • striated duct
  • excretory duct

(ISE- exercising makes your mouth dry bc of a lack of saliva!)

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11
Q

What are the 2 functions of the ducts in a salivon?

A

Modify primary secretion

Makes the secretion hypotonic

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12
Q

What can effect the final composition of saliva?

A

Speed of secretion

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13
Q

Compare the different ratios of serous/mucous cells in the acinus of the 3 salivary glands

A 
Parotid = all serous
Submandibular = mostly serous, some mucous
Sublingual = mostly mucous, some serous
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14
Q

What nervous system controls salivation?

A

Autonomic - sympathetic and parasympathetic

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15
Q

Explain the composition of saliva if controlled by SYMPATHETICS

A

sympathetic = fight or flight so saliva = sticky

Supplied via the periarterial plexus

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16
Q

Explain the composition of saliva if controlled by PARASYMPATHETICS

A

parasympathetic = rest or digest so saliva = runny

Supplied via the cranial nerves and the parasympathetic SERETOMOTOR NERVE SUPPLY

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17
Q

What are the factors which stimulate salivation? (5)

A

Smell, taste, nausea, conditional reflexes, pain

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18
Q

What are the factors which inhibit salivation? (5)

A

Fatigue, sleep, fear, dehydration, exercise

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19
Q

Where do these stimuli get processed?

A

Medulla

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20
Q

What sort of axons are then triggered?

A

parasympathetic axons

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21
Q

What are the 2 cranial nerves which control salivation for the parasympathetic nervous system

A 
Facial nerve (VII)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
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22
Q

What are the 3 bilateral pairs of major salivary glands?

A

Parotid (near ear)
Submandibular (under mandible)
Sublingual (under tongue)

23
Q

Minor glands - how many and function?

A

1000s in oral mucosa

basal secretion to keep the mouth moist

24
Q

Where does the parotid gland/duct drain into the mouth and via what?

A

Parotid duct drains into the mouth at the 2nd maxillary molar via the parotid papilla

25
Q

Where does the submandibular gland/duct drain into the mouth?

A

Via the sublingual caruncle on the floor of the mouth (in midline)

26
Q

Where does the sublingual gland/duct drain into the mouth?

A

Via the sublingual fold

27
Q

What gland secretes 25% of daily saliva?

A

the parotid gland

28
Q

What are the 3 contents of the parotid region (vessels which go through the parotid gland)?

A
  • Facial nerve plexus
  • Retromandibular vein
    • superficial temporal vein
    • maxillary vein
  • External carotid artery
    • superficial temporal artery
    • maxillary artery
29
Q

What part of the parotid gland do the external carotid artery and retromandibular vein go through?

A

The deep part of the parotid gland

30
Q

Where does the facial nerve pass through?

A

past the external carotid artery and retromandibular vein and passes anteriorly on the internal side of the parotid gland

31
Q

What 2 anatomical features form the medial border of the parotid bed?

A
  • styloid process of the temporal bone
    AND
    -Stylohyoid and PBD
32
Q

What forms the posterior body of the parotid bed?

A

sternocleidomastoid

33
Q

What forms the anterior body of the parotid bed?

A

masseter

34
Q

What form the parotid bed medially and laterally?

A

Posterior border of the mandibular ramus

35
Q

Describe the innervation of the parotid gland.

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) –> tympanic plexus –> lesser petrosal nerve –> optic ganglion –> CN V (trigeminal) –> auriculotemporal nerve of CN V3.

36
Q

What kind of cells is acinus of the submandibular gland

A

mixture of serous and mucous cells

37
Q

Where is the submandibular gland located? (2)

A

In the submandibular triangle and the floor of the mouth

38
Q

What structure does the submandibular gland wrap around?

A

The free posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle

39
Q

Where is the deep portion of the submandibular gland located?

A

Floor of the mouth

40
Q

Where is the superficial portion of the submandibular gland located?

A

on the inferior aspect of the mylohyoid muscle

41
Q

Between what 2 features does the deep portion of the submandibular gland extend into the floor of the mouth and how far does it extend?

A

The deep portion of the submandibular gland extends between the body of the mandible and the base of the tongue, as far as the medial aspect of the 2nd molar

42
Q

What does the submandibular gland continue forward as after the 2nd molar?

A

The submandibular duct

43
Q

What to features does the submandibular duct pass through?

A 
Medially = body of the tongue
Laterally = sublingual gland
44
Q

Where does the submandibular gland exit into the floor of the mouth?

A

Through the sublingual caruncle

45
Q

Where is the submandibular salivary gland in relation to the mylohyoid ridge/line of the mandible?

A

Below the mylohyoid ridge/line

46
Q

Where is the sublingual salivary gland in relation to the mylohyoid ridge/line of the mandible?

A

Above the mylohyoid ridge/line

47
Q

What kind of cells is acinus of the sublingual gland

A

Seromucous (mostly mucous)

48
Q

What shape are the sublingual salivary glands?

A

Almond shaped

49
Q

Where do the right and left glands meet?

A

Anteriorly to form a hourseshoe shape that surrounds the base of the tongue

50
Q

Does the sublingual gland have ducts?

A

YES but they are really small! 12 tiny ducts empty directly upwards through the sublingual fold into the mouth.

51
Q

Describe the innervation of the the sublingual and the submandibular glands.

A

CN VII (facial) –> chorda tympani nerve –> CN V3 (trigeminal mandibular) –> lingual nerve –> submandibular ganglion –> submandibular and sublingual glands

52
Q

What is the clinical diagnosis for a salivary gland stone (salivary calculi)?

A

Sialolithiasis

53
Q

What is the clinical diagnosis for dry mouth?

A

Xerostomia

54
Q

What are a few causes of Xerostomia?

A

Salivary calculi
Salivary tumours
Anticholinergic drugs
Sjörgen’s syndrome (saliva-secreting cells destroyed)

1BDS Anatomy (7 decks)

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