Salivary glands 11/10/15

Question 1

What are the digestive functions of saliva?

Answer 1

• taste
• Lubricant
• Initiates digestion of starch
• Initiates digestion of fat

Question 2

What are the 3 major salivary glands?

Answer 2

• Parotid
• Submandibular
• Sublingual

Question 3

Sublingual is mostly _______ gland.

Answer 3

Mucous secreting

Question 4

Submandibular is ______ gland.

Answer 4

mixed (serous and mucous)

Question 5

Parotid gland is ____ gland.

Answer 5

Serous (watery secretion) responsible for amylase

Question 6

All of the minor salivary glands secrete mucous except _______.

Answer 6

Von Ebners

Question 7

Minor salivary glands harbor _____.

Answer 7

lymphocytes

Question 8

Minor salivary glands contribute ____% of saliva

Answer 8

5-10%

Question 9

What is the function of von ebners gland?

Answer 9

• Involved with taste

- Rinses ducts of circumvallate and foliate papillae.

Question 10

What are the 2 types of Acinar cells of the Salivon?

Answer 10

Serous cells (enzymes) 
Mucous Cells (mucin)

Question 11

The Acinus is made up of ___ and ____.

Answer 11

Acinar cells and Myoepithelial cells

Question 12

What make up the Salivon?

Answer 12

Acinus
Intercalated ducts
Striated Ducts
Excretory ducts

Question 13

What is the composition of saliva?

Answer 13

• Water = 99.5%
• Inorganic Salts = Potassium, chloride, bicarbonate.
• Organic components

Question 14

What are the organic components of Acinar cell origin (in saliva)?

Answer 14

• Amylase
• Lipase
• Mucoproteins
• Proline-rich proteins
• Tyrosine-rich proteins

Question 15

What are the Nonacinar cell organic components of saliva?

Answer 15

• Lysozyme
• Immunoglobin
• Growth Factors
• Regulatory peptides

Question 16

pH of saliva is highly buffered to _____.

Answer 16

6.7-7.4

Question 17

What is the primary mechanism that accounts for most salivary secretion?

Answer 17

• H2O follows NaCl
  1. Intracellular Na+ is kept low and intracellular K+ is kept high
  2. Intracellular Cl- is kept high.
  3. In unstimulated cells, Ca2+ levels are low and Ca2+ activated K+ and Cl-channels are closed.
  4. Upon stimulation Ca2+ opens and the Cl- and K+ channels.
  5. Na+ leaks through tight junctions to follow Cl-.

Question 18

The Acinar region is freely permeable to ______.

Answer 18

H2O

Question 19

The duct portion is _______ to H20.

Answer 19

Impermeable

Question 20

Describe the Primary Secretions….

Answer 20

Primary Secretions:

• Acinar region freely permeable to water
• Electrolyte composition unaffected by flow rate
• Plasma like composition (isotonic)

Question 21

Decscribe the Secondary Secretions.

Answer 21

Secondary secretions:

• Ductal region impermeable to water.
• Electrolyte composition strongly affected by flow rate
• Lowe rate = HIGH K and High rate = High Na
• Hypotonic in compostion

Question 22

What is the most abundant protein is saliva?

Answer 22

Mucin (Adds viscosity and is carbohydrate rich) protein) *Produced by sublingual and submandibular glands.

Question 23

_____ is predominately produced by the parotid gland.

Answer 23

Amylase (salivary protein that integrates breakdown of starch)

Question 24

Digestive protein, lingual lipase comes from _______.

Answer 24

Von Ebners gland

Question 25

What are the Immune associated proteins in saliva?

Answer 25

- Muramidase = lyse muramic acid in the cell wall of bacteria. - Lacoferrin - Immunoglobulins

Question 26

What do the Calcium binding proteins in saliva do?

Answer 26

Promote mineralization of the enamel.

Question 27

What are the growth factor proteins in saliva?

Answer 27

EGF (stimulates gastric growth) and NGF (Sympatheic NS)

Question 28

How are proteins secreted?

Answer 28

Via protein sorting sites

Question 29

What two divisions of the NS control salivation?

Answer 29

Autonomic NS subdivisons: Sympathetic Parasympathetic

Question 30

What is the key neurotransmitter of parasymp. salvation?

Answer 30

Acetylcholine

Question 31

What is the Key neurotransmitter of sympathetic salvation?

Answer 31

Norepinephrine

Question 32

What are some other neurotransmitter that are involved in salvation?

Answer 32

Substance P | Neuropeptide Y

Question 33

What are the Salivary reflexes?

Answer 33

Basically your salivary glands have mechanoreceptors that can also be stimulated

Question 34

Parasympathetic stimulation of salivary gland release _____ into the acinar cell and results in a _____ secretion.

Answer 34

ACh | Watery-plasma like secretion

Question 35

Describe the "Big Picture" steps in saliva secretion....

Answer 35

1. Muscarinic or Alpha adrenergic receptor activation (Mostly done by ACh on muscarinics, but some Norepine. on Alpha adrenergic receptors) 2. Intracellular calcium release 3. Increase luminal Cl- concentration 4. Intercellular sodium follow 5. Water follows NaCl 6. Protein secretion by PKA mediated Exocytosis

Question 36

Norepinehrine results in ______ saliva.

Answer 36

Protein rich saliva, via PKA mediate exocytosis | *Beta Adrenergic receptor.

Question 37

How can saliva be used as a diagnostic fluid?

Answer 37

Used to diagnose: - infection - endocrine disorders - Cardiovascular - Cancer

Question 38

What happens when salvia goes bad?

Answer 38

- You get a thick tongue that hurts. - Teeth demineralize (caries) - Increase bacterial load = periodontitis, gingivitis.

Question 39

Why does xerostomia occur?

Answer 39

- Age - Drugs (side effects) - Autoimmune disorder (Sjorgren syndrome) - Radiation Tx

Question 40

How do you treat xerostomia?

Answer 40

Stimulate muscarinic receptors with Pilocarpine (a Ach Agonists) * This doesn't work very well though, so you are better off treating the symptoms