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Physio Final > Salivary glands 11/10/15 > Flashcards

Salivary glands 11/10/15 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the digestive functions of saliva?

A
  • taste
  • Lubricant
  • Initiates digestion of starch
  • Initiates digestion of fat
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2
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands?

A
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
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3
Q

Sublingual is mostly _______ gland.

A

Mucous secreting

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4
Q

Submandibular is ______ gland.

A

mixed (serous and mucous)

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5
Q

Parotid gland is ____ gland.

A

Serous (watery secretion) responsible for amylase

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6
Q

All of the minor salivary glands secrete mucous except _______.

A

Von Ebners

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7
Q

Minor salivary glands harbor _____.

A

lymphocytes

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8
Q

Minor salivary glands contribute ____% of saliva

A

5-10%

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9
Q

What is the function of von ebners gland?

A
  • Involved with taste

- Rinses ducts of circumvallate and foliate papillae.

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of Acinar cells of the Salivon?

A 
Serous cells (enzymes) 
Mucous Cells (mucin)
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11
Q

The Acinus is made up of ___ and ____.

A

Acinar cells and Myoepithelial cells

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12
Q

What make up the Salivon?

A

Acinus
Intercalated ducts
Striated Ducts
Excretory ducts

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13
Q

What is the composition of saliva?

A
  • Water = 99.5%
  • Inorganic Salts = Potassium, chloride, bicarbonate.
  • Organic components
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14
Q

What are the organic components of Acinar cell origin (in saliva)?

A
  • Amylase
  • Lipase
  • Mucoproteins
  • Proline-rich proteins
  • Tyrosine-rich proteins
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15
Q

What are the Nonacinar cell organic components of saliva?

A
  • Lysozyme
  • Immunoglobin
  • Growth Factors
  • Regulatory peptides
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16
Q

pH of saliva is highly buffered to _____.

A

6.7-7.4

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17
Q

What is the primary mechanism that accounts for most salivary secretion?

A
  • H2O follows NaCl
    1. Intracellular Na+ is kept low and intracellular K+ is kept high
    2. Intracellular Cl- is kept high.
    3. In unstimulated cells, Ca2+ levels are low and Ca2+ activated K+ and Cl-channels are closed.
    4. Upon stimulation Ca2+ opens and the Cl- and K+ channels.
    5. Na+ leaks through tight junctions to follow Cl-.
18
Q

The Acinar region is freely permeable to ______.

A

H2O

19
Q

The duct portion is _______ to H20.

A

Impermeable

20
Q

Describe the Primary Secretions….

A

Primary Secretions:

  • Acinar region freely permeable to water
  • Electrolyte composition unaffected by flow rate
  • Plasma like composition (isotonic)
21
Q

Decscribe the Secondary Secretions.

A

Secondary secretions:

  • Ductal region impermeable to water.
  • Electrolyte composition strongly affected by flow rate
  • Lowe rate = HIGH K and High rate = High Na
  • Hypotonic in compostion
22
Q

What is the most abundant protein is saliva?

A

Mucin (Adds viscosity and is carbohydrate rich) protein) *Produced by sublingual and submandibular glands.

23
Q

_____ is predominately produced by the parotid gland.

A

Amylase (salivary protein that integrates breakdown of starch)

24
Q

Digestive protein, lingual lipase comes from _______.

A

Von Ebners gland

25
Q

What are the Immune associated proteins in saliva?

A
  • Muramidase = lyse muramic acid in the cell wall of bacteria.
  • Lacoferrin
  • Immunoglobulins
26
Q

What do the Calcium binding proteins in saliva do?

A

Promote mineralization of the enamel.

27
Q

What are the growth factor proteins in saliva?

A

EGF (stimulates gastric growth) and NGF (Sympatheic NS)

28
Q

How are proteins secreted?

A

Via protein sorting sites

29
Q

What two divisions of the NS control salivation?

A

Autonomic NS subdivisons:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

30
Q

What is the key neurotransmitter of parasymp. salvation?

A

Acetylcholine

31
Q

What is the Key neurotransmitter of sympathetic salvation?

A

Norepinephrine

32
Q

What are some other neurotransmitter that are involved in salvation?

A

Substance P

Neuropeptide Y

33
Q

What are the Salivary reflexes?

A

Basically your salivary glands have mechanoreceptors that can also be stimulated

34
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of salivary gland release _____ into the acinar cell and results in a _____ secretion.

A

ACh

Watery-plasma like secretion

35
Q

Describe the “Big Picture” steps in saliva secretion….

A
  1. Muscarinic or Alpha adrenergic receptor activation (Mostly done by ACh on muscarinics, but some Norepine. on Alpha adrenergic receptors)
  2. Intracellular calcium release
  3. Increase luminal Cl- concentration
  4. Intercellular sodium follow
  5. Water follows NaCl
  6. Protein secretion by PKA mediated Exocytosis
36
Q

Norepinehrine results in ______ saliva.

A

Protein rich saliva, via PKA mediate exocytosis

*Beta Adrenergic receptor.

37
Q

How can saliva be used as a diagnostic fluid?

A

Used to diagnose:

  • infection
  • endocrine disorders
  • Cardiovascular
  • Cancer
38
Q

What happens when salvia goes bad?

A
  • You get a thick tongue that hurts.
  • Teeth demineralize (caries)
  • Increase bacterial load = periodontitis, gingivitis.
39
Q

Why does xerostomia occur?

A
  • Age
  • Drugs (side effects)
  • Autoimmune disorder (Sjorgren syndrome)
  • Radiation Tx
40
Q

How do you treat xerostomia?

A

Stimulate muscarinic receptors with Pilocarpine (a Ach Agonists) * This doesn’t work very well though, so you are better off treating the symptoms

Physio Final (3 decks)

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