salivary and oral cavity pathology Flashcards
What is cleft lip and palate? What is the defect that causes cleft lip (specific)? What is the defect that causes cleft palate (be specific)?
full thickness defect of lip and palate
due to failure of facial prominences to fuse (remember, we start with on prominence from above, 2 from the sides and 2 from the bottom sides)
cleft lip is due to failure of fusionof the maxillary and medial nasal processes (primary palate); cleft palate is failure of the lateral palatine process to fuse with each other or with the nasal septum pr median palantine processes (secondary palate)
What is Behcet syndrome? What is the underlying process?
recurrent apthous ulcers PLUS genital ulcers and uveitis. it is due to immune complex vasculitis involving the small vessels. don’t know the underlying etiology.
Where does the HSV1 virus remain dormant?
ganglia of the trigeminal nerve.
What are the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth? location? Precursors?
tobacco and EtOH. usually on the floor of the mouth.
What are the precursors to squamous cell carcionoma of the mouth? How do you distinguish between these precursors and other items on the differential?
leukoplakia and erythroplakia are precursor lesions that are often biopsied to r/o carcionoma (often represents dysplasia) (if you can scrape away the white plaque, it is cadidiasis. if it is on the lateral tongue, it is probably hairy leukoplakia from EBV in immunocompromised pts. it is hyperplasia, NOT dysplasia)
erythroplakia: suggests vascularized leukoplakia- suggests angiogenesis. HIGHLY suggestive of squamous dysplasia.
mumps clinical manifestations. What structures are likely to be involved?
bilateral inflamed parotid glands.
may also cause orchitis, pancreatitis, and aseptic meningitis. orchitis can cause sterility in teens
serum amylase may be increased d/t salivary gland involvment OR pancreatic involvment.
sialadentitis: presentation, causes
inflammation of salivary gland. usually due to an obstructing stone tha tleads to an S. aureus infection. typically unilateral
What is a pleomorphic adenoma? definition
benign tumor of stromal tissue and epithelial tissue (biphasic tumor).
stromal compoent may be cartilage; epithelial may have glands.
Where are pleomorphic ademonas most common? how do they arise? clinical course?
most common salivary gland tumor. usually arises in the parotid. presents as a mobile, painless, circumscribed mass at the angle of the jaw (these are all characteristics of a benign mass).
high rate of recurrence because of irregular margins. may rarely transform into a carcinoma which presents with facial nerve damage.
What is a Warthin tumor? Definition, location
benign cystic tumor with abundant lymphocytes and germinal centers. 2nd mots common salivary gland. almost always arises in the parotid (lymph node tissue may be associated with parotid- tie in to embryology)
What is a mucoepidermoid carcinoma? presentation?
malignant tumor made of mucinous and squamous cells. usually arises in the parotid and commonly involves the facial nerve.
