Salient Features Of The Constitution

Question 1

What is considered as mini constitution & which year ?

Answer 1

42nd amendment act, 1976 made lots of changes

Question 2

Basic structure announcement in which year and case ?

Answer 2

Keshavanand bharti case - 1973

Question 3

Which article enables amendment and what type ?

Answer 3

Article 368 enables amendment by special majority

Question 4

Article 368 majorities included are ?

Answer 4

1. Special majority in which 2/3rd of the total & present members of each house should vote in favour & the majority of the total membership of each house.
2. Special majority of the parliament and ratification by half of the total states.

Question 5

Mention some Salient features

Answer 5

1. Lengthiest written constitution
2. Drawn from various sources
3. Blend of rigidity and flexibility
4. Federal system with unitary bias
5. Parliamentary form of govt
6. Synthesis of parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy
7. Integrated and independent judiciary
8. Fundamental rights
9. DPSP
10. Fundamental duties
11. A secular state
12. Universal adult franchise
13. Single citizenship
14. Independent bodies
15. Emergency provisions
16. 3 tier govt
17. Co op societies

Question 6

Parliamentary system is aka ?

Answer 6

Westminster model of govt / prime ministerial govt / responsible govt / cabinet form of govt

Question 7

When fundamental duties were added ?

Answer 7

During operation of internal emergency (1975-77) by 42nd amendment act of 1976.
&
86th amendment of 2002 added one more duty

Question 8

When voting age was reduced from 21 to 18 ?

Answer 8

In 1989 by 61st amendment of 1988

Question 9

4 independent bodies ?

Answer 9

1. election commission
2. Comptroller and auditor general of India
3. Upsc
4. State public service commission

Question 10

3 tier govt related amendments

Answer 10

1. 73rd amendment 1992 for constitutional recognition of punchayat in part 9 & added schedule 11.
2. 74th amendment 1992 for constitutional recognition of municipalities in part 9A and added schedule 12.

Question 11

Coop societies amendment ?

Answer 11

97th amendment of 2011

Question 12

Division of power & separation of power

Answer 12

Division - b/w union and state
Separation - b/w legislative, executive and judiciary

Question 13

Who called indian federalism as “co operative federalism”?

Answer 13

G Austin

Question 14

Presidential government runs in principle of

Answer 14

Separation of power

Question 15

Who said Democracy is of the people by the people for the people

Answer 15

Abraham Lincoln

Question 16

When socialistic pattern of society was accepted?

Answer 16

In avadi session of 1955