SAFMEDS Flashcards
a response which is reinforced in the presence of a particular discriminative stimulus occurs in the presence of a different discriminative stimulus
stimulus generalization
the horizontal (X) axis of a graph on which the units of time are usually indicated
abscissa
a sequence of responses in which the completion of each response acts as 1) a discriminative stimulus for the next response int he sequence and 2) a conditioned reinforcer for the preceding response in the sequence
stimulus-response chain
each occurence of a response is reinforced
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule (CRF=FR-1)
reinforcer is presented contingent upon the occurence of a fixed (or specific) number of responses
fixed ratio
a stimulus that follows a response
consequence
the effect of 1) increasing the probability of a response through the presentation of an Sd or 2) decreasing the probability of a response through the presentation of an S-delta (both effects are the result of discrimination training)
stimulus control
a stimulus that has no effect on responding
neutral stimulus (NS)
behavior which is controlled by stimuli which precede the behavior (anteceedents) and which follow the behavior (consequences)
operant behavior
immediately following (as a result of something prior)
contingent
reinforcement of a higher rate of a behavior in order to increase the probability of the response
Differential Reinforcement of High Rate Behavior (DRH)
reinforcement of a lower rate of behavior in order to decrease the probability of the response
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate Behavior (DRL)
not every occurence of a response is reinforced
Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule
the vertical (Y) axis of a graph on which responses are usually indicated
ordinate
the first response to occur after a variable (or average) ammount of time is reinforced
Variable Interval (VI)
A stimulus which inherently elicits an unconditioned response
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
a set of responses with at least one thing in common (topographically similar or have similar effects on the environment)
response class
an observeable behavior which can be detected through one or more of the senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, or touch
response
reinforcement of any behavior except the behavior one is trying to decrease
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)
the breaking down of a complex skill into its component observeable response. In addition, a task analysis should include a clear behavioral objective and assumed prerequisite skills
Task Analysis
any object of event which can be percieved through one’s senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch)
Stimulus
a stimulus change (the presentation or removal of a stimulus) contingent upon a response which increases the future probability of the respnse
reinforcement
a response occurs after it is first established
maintenance (retention or generalization across time)
reinforcement of one or more behaviors which are physically incompatible with the behavior one is trying to decrease
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)
The response pattern and movement through space
topography
successive approximations to a terminal (goal) behavior
shaping
a stimulus that gains its reinforcing effect by being paired with one or more reinforcers
conditioned or secondary reinforcer
the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus eliciting a conditioned response
respondent conditioning
a decrease in reinforcer strength as a result of the reinforcer being presented frequently in a relatively short period of time
satiation
reinforcing a particular response results in other responses (in the same response class) occuring more frequently
response generalization
a stimulus is presented contingent upon response which increases the future probability of the response
positive reinforcement
a stimulus which elicits a conditioned response through having been paired with an unconditioned simulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
a stimulus is removed contingent upon a response which increases the future probability of the response
negative reinforcement
engaging in response which prevents or postpones the onset of an aversive stimulus
avoidance
engaging in a response which terminates an aversive stimulus
escape
a set of stimuli with at least one common characteristic (also known as a concept)
stimulus class
probable reinforcers are removed contingent upon a response
response cost procedure
stimulus that gains its reinforcing effect by being paired with several reinforcers
generalized conditioned reinforce
reinforcer is presented contingent upon the occurence of a variable (or average) number of responses
variable ratio
the first response to occur after a fixed (or specific) ammount of time is reinforced
fixed interval (FI)
any supplemental stimulus, such as physical assistance, verbal cue, or model, used to evoke a respose
prompt
gradual removal of prompts such that the behavior becomes under the control of the original discriminative stimulus alone
fading
a stimulus change (the presentation or removal of a stimulus) contingent upon a response which decreases the future probability of the response
punishment
if engaging in a high rate behavior is contingent upon engaging in a low rate behavior, then the low rate behavior will be reinforced (increased in rate)
Premack Principle
a stimulus that is inherently reinforcing
unconditioned (primary/ unlearned) reinforcer
withholding of reinforcement for a previously reinforced response which decreases the future probability of the response
extinction
engaging in a behavior which changes the probability of another one’s own behavior
self-control
a stimulus which is unpleasant or painful
aversive stimulus
a response which is elicited (without previous conditioning history) by an unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned Response (UR)
reinforcing a particular response and witholding reinforcement for (extinguishing) all other responses
Differential Reinforcement
the behavior elicited by an unconditioned stimulus or conditioned stimulus
respondent behavior
Antecedent Discriminitive Stimulus
SD
Behavior Response
R
Consequent Reinforcing Stimulus
SR
EO
Establishing Operation
