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NCLEX Rn > Safety Unit 2 > Flashcards

Safety Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Heat, redness, pain/tenderness, swelling, possible drainage (bloody, serous, purulent), abscess, cellulitis

A

Local infection (focal point)

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2
Q

Localized collection of pus

A

Abscess

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3
Q

Involving cellular and connective tissue

A

Cellulitis

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4
Q

Fever, malaise, weakness

A

Systemic ( generalized) infection

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5
Q

Normally 5,000-10,000/mm3

A

WBC

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6
Q

Increase indicates the presence of disease or injury

A

WBC

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7
Q

Elevations >15-20mm/h indicates the presence of inflammation

A

Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR)

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8
Q

Should be obtained before onset of antibiotic therapy

A

Culture of suspected infectious site

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9
Q

Immediate,short-term, nonspecific response to the side effects of injury

A

Inflammation

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10
Q

Caused by pathogenic micro organisms and transmitted by direct contact, droplet spread, contaminated articles or through carriers

A

Communicable disease

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11
Q

Nearly 2 million (5%) hospital patients acquire an infection in the hospital

A

Nosocomial infection

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12
Q

Most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus

A

Nosocomial infection

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13
Q

Primary strategy for nosocomial infection control

A

Standard Precautions (barrier)

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14
Q

Apply to blood, all body fluids, secretions, and ecretions, except sweat

A

Standard precautions

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15
Q

Use clean nonsterile when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, contaminated articles

A

Standard Precautions

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16
Q

Use clean nonsterile gowns to protect skin and prevent soiling of clothing during procedures and patient care activities likely to generate splashes and sprays

A

Standard Precautions

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17
Q

Private room if patient has poor hygiene habits, contaminates the environment, or can’t assist in maintaining infection control precautions (e.g. Infants, children, altered mental status patient)

A

Standard Precautions

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18
Q

3 Transmission based precautions

A

Airborne
Droplet
Contact

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19
Q

Apply to patient with documented or suspected infections with highly transmissible or epidemiological lay important pathogens

A

Transmission based precautions

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20
Q

Used with pathogens that are transmitted by airborne route

A

Airborne precautions

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21
Q

Private room with monitored negative air pressure with 6-12 air changes per hour

A

Airborne precautions

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22
Q

Keep door closed and patient in room

A

Airborne precautions

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23
Q

Can cohort or place patient with another patient with the same organism, but no other organism

A

Airborne precautions

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24
Q

Place mask on patient if being transported

A

Airborne precautions

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25
Q

Used with pathogens transmitted by infectious droplets

A

Droplet precautions

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26
Q

Involves contact of conjunctiva or mucous membranes of nose or mouth; happens during coughing, sneezing, talking, or during procedures such as suctioning or bronchoscopy

A

Droplet precautions

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27
Q

Private room or with patient with same infection but no other infection

A

Droplet precautions

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28
Q

Maintain spatial separation of three feet between infected patient and visitors or other patient

A

Droplet precautions

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29
Q

Door may remain open

A

Droplet precautions

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30
Q

Place mask on patient if being transported

A

Droplet precautions

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31
Q

Needed with patient care activities that require physical skin to skin contact or occurs between two patients, or occurs by contact with contaminated inanimate objects in patient’s environment

A

Contact precautions

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32
Q

Private room or with patient with. Same infection but no other infection

A

Contact precautions

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33
Q

Clean, nonsterile gloves when entering room

A

Contact precautions

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34
Q

Changes gloves after patient contact with fecal material or wound drainage

A

Contact precautions

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35
Q

Remove gloves before leaving patient’s environment and wash hands with anti microbial agent

A

Contact precautions

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36
Q

Wear gown when entering room if clothing will have contact with patient, environment surfaces, or if patient is incontinent, has diarrhea, an ileostomy, colostomy, or wound drainage

A

Contact precautions

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37
Q

Remove gown before leaving room

A

Contact precautions

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38
Q

Use dedicated equipment or clean and disinfect between patients

A

Contact precautions

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39
Q

Incubation of 13-17 days

A

Chickenpox

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40
Q

9 Communicable diseases of childhood

A 
Chickenpox
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Rubella
Rubeola
Scarlet fever
Mononucleosis
Tonsillitis
Mumps
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41
Q

Incubation of 2-5 days

A

Diphtheria

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42
Q

Incubation of 5-21 days; usually 10

A

Pertussis

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43
Q

Incubation of 14-21 days

A

Rubella

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44
Q

Incubation of 10-20 days

A

Rubeola

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45
Q

Incubation of 2-4 days

A

Scarlet fever

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46
Q

Incubation of 4-6 weeks

A

Mononucleosis

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47
Q

Streptococcal

A

Tonsillitis

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48
Q

Incubation of 14-21 days

A

Mumps

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49
Q
  1. the interval of time required for development.
  2. the interval between the receipt of infection and the onset of the consequent illness or the first symptoms of the illness.
  3. the interval between the entrance into a vector of an infectious agent and the time at which the vector is capable of transmitting the infection.
A

incubation period

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50
Q

Early symptoms

A

Prodromal period

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51
Q

Prodromal: slight fever, malaise, anorexia

A

Chickenpox

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52
Q

Rash is pruritic, begins as macule, then papule and then vesicle with successive crops of all three stages present at any one time

A

Chickenpox

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53
Q

Prodromal: resembles common cold

A

Diphtheria

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54
Q

Low grade fever, hoarseness, malaise, pharyngeal lymphadenitis

A

Diphtheria

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55
Q

Characteristic white / gray pharyngeal membrane

A

Diphtheria

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56
Q

Prodromal: upper respiratory infection for 1-2 weeks

A

Pertussis

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57
Q

Severe cough with high pitched “whooping sound” especially at night Lasts 4-6 weeks; vomiting

A

Pertussis

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58
Q

Prodromal: none in children, low fever and sore throat in adolescent

A

Rubella

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59
Q

Maculopapular rash appears first on the face and the on the rest of the body

A

Rubella

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60
Q

Symptoms subside first day after rash

A

Rubella

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61
Q

Prodromal: fever and malaise followed by cough and Kopliks spots on buccal mucosa

A

Rubeola

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62
Q

Erythematous maculopapular rash with face first affected; turns brown after 3 days when symptoms subside

63
Q

Prodromal: high fever with vomiting and chills, malaise, followed by enlarged tonsils covered with exudate,strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet fever

64
Q

Rash: red tiny lesions that become generalized and then desquamate; rash appears within 24 hours

A

Scarlet fever

65
Q

Malaise, fevere, enlarged lymph nodes, sore throat, flulike aches, low grade temperature

A

Mononucleosis

66
Q

Highest incidence 15-30 years old

A

Mononucleosis

67
Q

Fever white exudate on tonsils

A

Tonsilitis

68
Q

Positive culture GpA strep

A

Tonsillitis

69
Q

Malaise, headache, fever, parotid gland swelling

70
Q

Isolation until all vesicles are crusted

A

Chickenpox

71
Q

Communicable from 2 days before rash

A

Chickenpox

72
Q

Avoid use of aspirin due to association with Reyes’s syndrome

A

Chickenpox

73
Q

Topical application of calamine lotion or baking soda baths

A

Chickenpox

74
Q

Contact and droplet precautions until two successive negative nose and throat cultures are obtained

A

Diphtheria

75
Q

Complete bed rest; watch for signs of respiratory distress and obstruction

A

Diphtheria

76
Q

Provide humidify action and suctioning as needed; severe cases can lead to sepsis and death

A

Diphtheria

77
Q

Hospitalization for infants; bed rest and hydration

78
Q

Complications: pneumonia, wt loss, dehydration, hemorrhage, hernia, airway obstruction

79
Q

Maintain high humidity and restful environment; suction

80
Q

Contact precautions

81
Q

Isolate child from potentially pregnant women

82
Q

Rare complications include arthritis and encephalitis

83
Q

Droplet precautions

84
Q

Isolate until 5th day

85
Q

Maintain bed rest during first 3-4 days

86
Q

Institute airborne precautions

87
Q

Antipyretics, dim lights, humidifier for room

88
Q

Keep skin clean and maintain hydration

89
Q

Droplet precautions for 24 hours after start of antibiotics

A

Scarlet fever

90
Q

Ensure compliance with oral antibiotic therapy

A

Scarlet fever

91
Q

Bed rest during febrile phase

A

Scarlet fever

92
Q

Analgesics for sore throat

A

Scarlet fever

93
Q

Encourage fluid, soft diet

A

Scarlet fever

94
Q

Advise family members to avoid contact with saliva ( ups, silverware) for about 3 months

A

Mononucleosis

95
Q

Treatment is rest and good nutrition; strenuous exercise is to be avoided to prevent spleen rupture

A

Mononucleosis

96
Q

Complications include encephalitis and spleen rupture

A

Mononucleosis

97
Q

Teach parents about serious complications: rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis

A

Tonsillitis

98
Q

Droplet precautions until 9 days after onset of swelling

99
Q

Soft, bland diet

100
Q

Progressive fatigue, nausea, anorexia, wt loss

A

Tuberculosis

101
Q

Low grade fever over a period of time

A

Tuberculosis

102
Q

Night sweats

A

Tuberculosis

103
Q

Cough with mucopurulent sputum, occasionally streaked with blood; chest tightness, and a dull aching chest; dyspnea

A

Tuberculosis

104
Q

Skin testing

A

Diagnostic procedure of TB

105
Q

Sputum smear for acid- fast bacilli, induce by respiratory therapy in AM and PM

A

Diagnostic procedure of TB

106
Q

CXR routinely performed on all persons with positive PPD to detect old and new lesions

A

Diagnostic procedure of TB

107
Q

Transmitted by aerosolization

A

Tuberculosis

108
Q

Bacillus multiplies in bronchi or alveoli, resulting in pneumonitis

A

Tuberculosis

109
Q

May lie dormant for many years and be deactivated in periods of stress

A

Tuberculosis

110
Q

Close contact with someone who has active TB

A

Risk factor of TB

111
Q

Immunocompromised

A

Risk factors of TB

112
Q

IV drug abuser

A

Risk factor of TB

113
Q

Persons who lived in institutions

A

Risk factor of TB

114
Q

Lower socioeconomic group

A

Risk factor of TB

115
Q

Immigrants from countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (Latin America, Southeast Asia, Africa)

A

Risk factor of TB

116
Q

Incidence increasing in immigrant populations, poverty areas, elderly, alcoholics, drug abusers, persons with AIDS

A

Tuberculosis

117
Q

2 TB skin testing

A 
Mantoux test (PPD)
Multiple Puncture Test (Tine)
118
Q

Given intradermally in the forearm

A

Mantoux test (PPD)

119
Q

10mm induration = significant reaction

A

Mantoux test

120
Q

Read in 48-72 hours

A

Mantoux test

121
Q

Does not mean that active disease is present, but indicates exposure to TB or the presence of inactive (dormant) disease

A

Mantoux test

122
Q

Greater than 5mm for clients with AIDS=positive reaction

A

Mantoux test

123
Q

Read test in 48-72 hours

A

Multiple Puncture Test

124
Q

Vesicle formation = positive reaction

A

Multiple Puncture Test

125
Q

Screening test only

A

Multiple Puncture Test

126
Q

Questionable or positive reactions verified by Mantoux Test

A

Multiple puncture test

127
Q

6 Risk Factors of TB

A

Close contact with someone who has active TB
Immunocompromised
IV Drug abuser
Persons who live in institutions
Lower socioeconomic group
Immigrants from countries with high prevalence of TB (Latin America, Southeast Asia, Africa)

128
Q

Notification of state health department

129
Q

Not recommended for those individuals > 35yo who are at low risk because of increased risk of associated toxic hepatitis

A

Isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis

130
Q

Persons <35 yo get 6-9months of ______?

131
Q

7 Persons who get INH prophylaxis

A

Household contacts
Recent converters
Persons under age 20 with positive reaction and inactive TB
Susceptible health care workers
Newly infected persons
Significant skin test reactors with abnormal xray studies
Significant skin test reactors up to age 35

132
Q

To prevent development of resistant strains, two or three medications are usually administered concurrently

A

Chemotherapy

133
Q

4 meds for TB

A

Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampin (Rifadin)
Ethambutol (Myambutol)
Streptomycin

134
Q

Isolation for 2-4weeks (or three negative sputum cultures) after drug therapy is initiated; sent home before this (family already exposed)

135
Q

Cover mouth and nose with tissue when coughing, sneezing, laughing; burn tissues

136
Q

Avoid excessive exposure to dust and silicone

137
Q

Must take full course of medications

138
Q

Encourage to return to clinic for sputum smears

139
Q

Jaundice (icterus) symptoms

140
Q

Anorexia, Fatigue, RUQ pain

141
Q

Clay colored stools, tea colored urine

142
Q

Pruritus: accumulation of bile salts under the skin

143
Q

Liver function studies: elevated ALT (SGPT), AST(SGOT)

144
Q

Prolonged PT

145
Q

Percutaneous liver biopsy

146
Q

Acute inflammatory disease of the liver resulting in cell damage from liver cell degeneration and necrosis

147
Q

Bedrest for severe symptoms

148
Q

If patients are diagnosed with this disease and are diapered or incontinent, contact precautions in addition to standard precautions

A

Hepatitis A

149
Q

Diet low in fat, high in calories, carbohydrates and protein

150
Q

No alcoholic beverages

151
Q

For pruritus-calamine, short clean nails, antihistamines

152
Q

Medication for Hepatitis

A

Vitamin K (e.g. Aqua MEPHYTON

153
Q

In Hepatitis, don’t use _________ because of potential hepatotoxic effect

A

Prochlorperazine maleate (Compazine)

154
Q

Avoid alcohol and potentially hepatotoxic prescription/OTC medications (particularly aspirin and sedatives

NCLEX Rn (2 decks)

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