Safety Unit 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Heat, redness, pain/tenderness, swelling, possible drainage (bloody, serous, purulent), abscess, cellulitis
A
Local infection (focal point)
2
Q
Localized collection of pus
A
Abscess
3
Q
Involving cellular and connective tissue
A
Cellulitis
4
Q
Fever, malaise, weakness
A
Systemic ( generalized) infection
5
Q
Normally 5,000-10,000/mm3
A
WBC
6
Q
Increase indicates the presence of disease or injury
A
WBC
7
Q
Elevations >15-20mm/h indicates the presence of inflammation
A
Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR)
8
Q
Should be obtained before onset of antibiotic therapy
A
Culture of suspected infectious site
9
Q
Immediate,short-term, nonspecific response to the side effects of injury
A
Inflammation
10
Q
Caused by pathogenic micro organisms and transmitted by direct contact, droplet spread, contaminated articles or through carriers
A
Communicable disease
11
Q
Nearly 2 million (5%) hospital patients acquire an infection in the hospital
A
Nosocomial infection
12
Q
Most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus
A
Nosocomial infection
13
Q
Primary strategy for nosocomial infection control
A
Standard Precautions (barrier)
14
Q
Apply to blood, all body fluids, secretions, and ecretions, except sweat
A
Standard precautions
15
Q
Use clean nonsterile when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, contaminated articles
A
Standard Precautions
16
Q
Use clean nonsterile gowns to protect skin and prevent soiling of clothing during procedures and patient care activities likely to generate splashes and sprays
A
Standard Precautions
17
Q
Private room if patient has poor hygiene habits, contaminates the environment, or can’t assist in maintaining infection control precautions (e.g. Infants, children, altered mental status patient)
A
Standard Precautions
18
Q
3 Transmission based precautions
A
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
19
Q
Apply to patient with documented or suspected infections with highly transmissible or epidemiological lay important pathogens
A
Transmission based precautions
20
Q
Used with pathogens that are transmitted by airborne route
A
Airborne precautions
21
Q
Private room with monitored negative air pressure with 6-12 air changes per hour
A
Airborne precautions
22
Q
Keep door closed and patient in room
A
Airborne precautions
23
Q
Can cohort or place patient with another patient with the same organism, but no other organism
A
Airborne precautions
24
Q
Place mask on patient if being transported
A
Airborne precautions
25
Used with pathogens transmitted by infectious droplets
Droplet precautions
26
Involves contact of conjunctiva or mucous membranes of nose or mouth; happens during coughing, sneezing, talking, or during procedures such as suctioning or bronchoscopy
Droplet precautions
27
Private room or with patient with same infection but no other infection
Droplet precautions
28
Maintain spatial separation of three feet between infected patient and visitors or other patient
Droplet precautions
29
Door may remain open
Droplet precautions
30
Place mask on patient if being transported
Droplet precautions
31
Needed with patient care activities that require physical skin to skin contact or occurs between two patients, or occurs by contact with contaminated inanimate objects in patient's environment
Contact precautions
32
Private room or with patient with. Same infection but no other infection
Contact precautions
33
Clean, nonsterile gloves when entering room
Contact precautions
34
Changes gloves after patient contact with fecal material or wound drainage
Contact precautions
35
Remove gloves before leaving patient's environment and wash hands with anti microbial agent
Contact precautions
36
Wear gown when entering room if clothing will have contact with patient, environment surfaces, or if patient is incontinent, has diarrhea, an ileostomy, colostomy, or wound drainage
Contact precautions
37
Remove gown before leaving room
Contact precautions
38
Use dedicated equipment or clean and disinfect between patients
Contact precautions
39
Incubation of 13-17 days
Chickenpox
40
9 Communicable diseases of childhood
```
Chickenpox
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Rubella
Rubeola
Scarlet fever
Mononucleosis
Tonsillitis
Mumps
```
41
Incubation of 2-5 days
Diphtheria
42
Incubation of 5-21 days; usually 10
Pertussis
43
Incubation of 14-21 days
Rubella
44
Incubation of 10-20 days
Rubeola
45
Incubation of 2-4 days
Scarlet fever
46
Incubation of 4-6 weeks
Mononucleosis
47
Streptococcal
Tonsillitis
48
Incubation of 14-21 days
Mumps
49
1. the interval of time required for development.
2. the interval between the receipt of infection and the onset of the consequent illness or the first symptoms of the illness.
3. the interval between the entrance into a vector of an infectious agent and the time at which the vector is capable of transmitting the infection.
incubation period
50
Early symptoms
Prodromal period
51
Prodromal: slight fever, malaise, anorexia
Chickenpox
52
Rash is pruritic, begins as macule, then papule and then vesicle with successive crops of all three stages present at any one time
Chickenpox
53
Prodromal: resembles common cold
Diphtheria
54
Low grade fever, hoarseness, malaise, pharyngeal lymphadenitis
Diphtheria
55
Characteristic white / gray pharyngeal membrane
Diphtheria
56
Prodromal: upper respiratory infection for 1-2 weeks
Pertussis
57
Severe cough with high pitched "whooping sound" especially at night Lasts 4-6 weeks; vomiting
Pertussis
58
Prodromal: none in children, low fever and sore throat in adolescent
Rubella
59
Maculopapular rash appears first on the face and the on the rest of the body
Rubella
60
Symptoms subside first day after rash
Rubella
61
Prodromal: fever and malaise followed by cough and Kopliks spots on buccal mucosa
Rubeola
62
Erythematous maculopapular rash with face first affected; turns brown after 3 days when symptoms subside
Rubeola
63
Prodromal: high fever with vomiting and chills, malaise, followed by enlarged tonsils covered with exudate,strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever
64
Rash: red tiny lesions that become generalized and then desquamate; rash appears within 24 hours
Scarlet fever
65
Malaise, fevere, enlarged lymph nodes, sore throat, flulike aches, low grade temperature
Mononucleosis
66
Highest incidence 15-30 years old
Mononucleosis
67
Fever white exudate on tonsils
Tonsilitis
68
Positive culture GpA strep
Tonsillitis
69
Malaise, headache, fever, parotid gland swelling
Mumps
70
Isolation until all vesicles are crusted
Chickenpox
71
Communicable from 2 days before rash
Chickenpox
72
Avoid use of aspirin due to association with Reyes's syndrome
Chickenpox
73
Topical application of calamine lotion or baking soda baths
Chickenpox
74
Contact and droplet precautions until two successive negative nose and throat cultures are obtained
Diphtheria
75
Complete bed rest; watch for signs of respiratory distress and obstruction
Diphtheria
76
Provide humidify action and suctioning as needed; severe cases can lead to sepsis and death
Diphtheria
77
Hospitalization for infants; bed rest and hydration
Pertussis
78
Complications: pneumonia, wt loss, dehydration, hemorrhage, hernia, airway obstruction
Pertussis
79
Maintain high humidity and restful environment; suction
Pertussis
80
Contact precautions
Rubella
81
Isolate child from potentially pregnant women
Rubella
82
Rare complications include arthritis and encephalitis
Rubella
83
Droplet precautions
Rubella
84
Isolate until 5th day
Rubeola
85
Maintain bed rest during first 3-4 days
Rubeola
86
Institute airborne precautions
Rubeola
87
Antipyretics, dim lights, humidifier for room
Rubeola
88
Keep skin clean and maintain hydration
Rubeola
89
Droplet precautions for 24 hours after start of antibiotics
Scarlet fever
90
Ensure compliance with oral antibiotic therapy
Scarlet fever
91
Bed rest during febrile phase
Scarlet fever
92
Analgesics for sore throat
Scarlet fever
93
Encourage fluid, soft diet
Scarlet fever
94
Advise family members to avoid contact with saliva ( ups, silverware) for about 3 months
Mononucleosis
95
Treatment is rest and good nutrition; strenuous exercise is to be avoided to prevent spleen rupture
Mononucleosis
96
Complications include encephalitis and spleen rupture
Mononucleosis
97
Teach parents about serious complications: rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
Tonsillitis
98
Droplet precautions until 9 days after onset of swelling
Mumps
99
Soft, bland diet
Mumps
100
Progressive fatigue, nausea, anorexia, wt loss
Tuberculosis
101
Low grade fever over a period of time
Tuberculosis
102
Night sweats
Tuberculosis
103
Cough with mucopurulent sputum, occasionally streaked with blood; chest tightness, and a dull aching chest; dyspnea
Tuberculosis
104
Skin testing
Diagnostic procedure of TB
105
Sputum smear for acid- fast bacilli, induce by respiratory therapy in AM and PM
Diagnostic procedure of TB
106
CXR routinely performed on all persons with positive PPD to detect old and new lesions
Diagnostic procedure of TB
107
Transmitted by aerosolization
Tuberculosis
108
Bacillus multiplies in bronchi or alveoli, resulting in pneumonitis
Tuberculosis
109
May lie dormant for many years and be deactivated in periods of stress
Tuberculosis
110
Close contact with someone who has active TB
Risk factor of TB
111
Immunocompromised
Risk factors of TB
112
IV drug abuser
Risk factor of TB
113
Persons who lived in institutions
Risk factor of TB
114
Lower socioeconomic group
Risk factor of TB
115
Immigrants from countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (Latin America, Southeast Asia, Africa)
Risk factor of TB
116
Incidence increasing in immigrant populations, poverty areas, elderly, alcoholics, drug abusers, persons with AIDS
Tuberculosis
117
2 TB skin testing
```
Mantoux test (PPD)
Multiple Puncture Test (Tine)
```
118
Given intradermally in the forearm
Mantoux test (PPD)
119
10mm induration = significant reaction
Mantoux test
120
Read in 48-72 hours
Mantoux test
121
Does not mean that active disease is present, but indicates exposure to TB or the presence of inactive (dormant) disease
Mantoux test
122
Greater than 5mm for clients with AIDS=positive reaction
Mantoux test
123
Read test in 48-72 hours
Multiple Puncture Test
124
Vesicle formation = positive reaction
Multiple Puncture Test
125
Screening test only
Multiple Puncture Test
126
Questionable or positive reactions verified by Mantoux Test
Multiple puncture test
127
6 Risk Factors of TB
Close contact with someone who has active TB
Immunocompromised
IV Drug abuser
Persons who live in institutions
Lower socioeconomic group
Immigrants from countries with high prevalence of TB (Latin America, Southeast Asia, Africa)
128
Notification of state health department
TB
129
Not recommended for those individuals > 35yo who are at low risk because of increased risk of associated toxic hepatitis
Isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis
130
Persons <35 yo get 6-9months of ______?
INH
131
7 Persons who get INH prophylaxis
Household contacts
Recent converters
Persons under age 20 with positive reaction and inactive TB
Susceptible health care workers
Newly infected persons
Significant skin test reactors with abnormal xray studies
Significant skin test reactors up to age 35
132
To prevent development of resistant strains, two or three medications are usually administered concurrently
Chemotherapy
133
4 meds for TB
Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampin (Rifadin)
Ethambutol (Myambutol)
Streptomycin
134
Isolation for 2-4weeks (or three negative sputum cultures) after drug therapy is initiated; sent home before this (family already exposed)
TB
135
Cover mouth and nose with tissue when coughing, sneezing, laughing; burn tissues
TB
136
Avoid excessive exposure to dust and silicone
TB
137
Must take full course of medications
TB
138
Encourage to return to clinic for sputum smears
TB
139
Jaundice (icterus) symptoms
Hepatitis
140
Anorexia, Fatigue, RUQ pain
Hepatitis
141
Clay colored stools, tea colored urine
Hepatitis
142
Pruritus: accumulation of bile salts under the skin
Hepatitis
143
Liver function studies: elevated ALT (SGPT), AST(SGOT)
Hepatitis
144
Prolonged PT
Hepatitis
145
Percutaneous liver biopsy
Hepatitis
146
Acute inflammatory disease of the liver resulting in cell damage from liver cell degeneration and necrosis
Hepatitis
147
Bedrest for severe symptoms
Hepatitis
148
If patients are diagnosed with this disease and are diapered or incontinent, contact precautions in addition to standard precautions
Hepatitis A
149
Diet low in fat, high in calories, carbohydrates and protein
Hepatitis
150
No alcoholic beverages
Hepatitis
151
For pruritus-calamine, short clean nails, antihistamines
Hepatitis
152
Medication for Hepatitis
Vitamin K (e.g. Aqua MEPHYTON
153
In Hepatitis, don't use _________ because of potential hepatotoxic effect
Prochlorperazine maleate (Compazine)
154
Avoid alcohol and potentially hepatotoxic prescription/OTC medications (particularly aspirin and sedatives
Hepatitis
