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SAFETY IN PROCESS INDUSTRY > SAFETY PROCEDURES AND DESIGN > Flashcards

SAFETY PROCEDURES AND DESIGN Flashcards

1
Q

Four process safety Strategies

A
  • Inherent: Identify and implement ways to completely eliminate or significantly reduce hazards, rather than to develop add-on protective systems and procedures. The inherently safer design includes identifying technology that operates in less severe conditions rather than devoting extensive resources to safety systems and procedures to manage the risks associated with the hazards.
  • Passive: Add safety features that do not require action by any device. Passive devices perform their intended functions without personnel or control actions. Passive systems include dikes, passive flame arrestors, and the use of welded fittings versus flanges and threaded connections
  • Active: Add safety shutdown systems to prevent accidents. Active systems include process control systems, safety interlocks, automatic shutdown systems, and automated mitigation systems.
  • Procedural: Include standard operating procedures, safety rules, operator training, emergency response procedures, and management techniques in general. Inherent and passive strategies are the most robust and reliable, but elements of all strategies are required to minimize safety problems.
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2
Q

Managing Safety

A
  • Documentation: Describe what needs to be done to eliminate hazards and accidents.
  • Communication: Motivate everyone influenced by this document to do what needs to be done.
  • Delegation: Delegate portions (manageable parts) of the responsibilities to those involved.
  • Follow-up: Check to be sure that the documentation (procedures, etc.) is used as intended. Also, use this follow-up process to make improvements
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3
Q

OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series)

A
  • an internationally recognized occupational health and safety (OHS) management system standard.
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4
Q

Objective of OHSAS 18001

A
  • Establish and maintain a safe working environment.
  • Reduce workplace incidents and accidents.
  • Demonstrate compliance with OH&S legislation.
  • Enhance employee safety and organizational reputation.
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5
Q

OHSAS 18001 management approach tool: PCDA cycle

A

Plan Act Do Check
- an ongoing process that enables an organisation to establish, implement and maintain its health and safety policy based on top management leadership and commitment to the safety management system.

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6
Q

OHSAS Policy

A
  • Organizations were required to establish a clear policy reflecting their commitment to preventing injuries and illnesses and complying with applicable laws.
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7
Q
  • Organizations needed to identify potential hazards, assess risks, and prioritize controls.
  • Systems were designed to comply with legal obligations and any additional organizational requirements.
  • OH&S objectives were established and aligned with the organization’s overall strategy
A

PLANNING

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8
Q
  • Roles and responsibilities were assigned for effective system operation.
  • Training and awareness programs ensured workforce competence.
  • Operational controls were implemented to manage identified risks.
  • Emergency preparedness and response plans were established.
A

IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION

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9
Q
  • Performance was monitored and measured against defined objectives.
  • Regular audits and evaluations ensured compliance and identified areas for improvement.
  • Corrective actions were implemented to address non-conformities.
A

Checking and Corrective Action

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10
Q

Top management conducted periodic reviews to assess system performance, alignment with objectives, and opportunities for improvement.

A

Management Review

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11
Q

The standard helped organizations:

A
  • Comply with health and safety regulations.
  • Reduce workplace hazards and risks.
  • Enhance their reputation through a commitment to employee well-being.
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12
Q

IISO 45001

A

In 2018, OHSAS 18001 was replaced by ISO 45001, which introduced a more robust framework aligned with modern management system standards.
- An internationally recognized standard, published by the International Standardization Organization, ISO 45001 sets out requirements for Occupational Health & Safety Management System.

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13
Q

Guide to occupational Health and Safety

A

1996

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14
Q

OHSAS 18001 released by BSI

A

2007

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15
Q

ISO proposed ISO 45001

A

2013

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16
Q

March 2018 ISO proposed the finalized Standard

A

2018

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17
Q

Proposal of the new standard iso 45001

A

June 2013

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18
Q

Working draft issued, improvement issued

A

January 2014

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19
Q

Second draft made by the committee

A

march 2015

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20
Q

Draft International Standard

A

January 2016

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21
Q

DIS ballot begins

A

February 2016

22
Q

DIS ballots result and approved

A

May 2016

23
Q

Publication expected October 2016
- 45001 WILL NOW REPLACED OHSAS 18001

A

October 2016

24
Q
  • Enhance Workplace Safety: Reduce workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
  • Compliance: Ensure adherence to legal and regulatory OH&S requirements.
  • Continuous Improvement: Foster a culture of continuous improvement in health and safety practices.
  • Employee Engagement: Involve employees in health and safety initiatives, promoting a safer work environment.
A

Purpose of ISO 45001

25
Q

ISO 45001 is applicable to organizations of all sizes and industries, regardless of their nature of business or geographical location. Whether it’s a multinational corporation, a small enterprise, or a nonprofit organization, ISO 45001 provides a structured approach to managing health and safety risks.

A

Scope of ISO 45001

26
Q

ISO 45001 follows the High-Level Structure (HLS) to ensure compatibility with other management standards like ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.

A

THE MAIN CLAUSES ARE
1: SCOPE
2: Normative References
3: Terms and definition
4: Context of the organization
5: Leadership and worker participation
6: Planning
7: Support
8: Operation
9: Performance Evaluation
10: Improvement

27
Q

Defines the boundaries and applicability of the OH&S management system within the organization.

A

SCOPE

28
Q

Lists any documents referenced in the standard, ensuring clarity and completeness.

A

Normative References

29
Q

Provides precise definitions of key terms used throughout the standard to ensure a common understanding.

A

Terms and definition

30
Q
  • Identifying internal and external factors that affect OH&S performance.
  • Recognizing the requirements of stakeholders.
  • Establishing the extent and limitations of the system.
  • Outlining the processes necessary for effective management.
A

Context of the organization

31
Q
  • Top management must demonstrate leadership and commitment to the OH&S management system.
  • Establishing a policy that reflects the organization’s commitment to health and safety.
  • Defining clear roles to ensure effective implementation.
  • Encouraging active involvement of employees in health and safety matters.
A

Leadership and worker participation

32
Q
  • Identifying hazards, assessing risks, and implementing controls.
  • Setting measurable objectives aligned with the OH&S policy.
  • Managing changes that may impact the OH&S management system.
A

Planning

33
Q
  • Allocating necessary resources for effective OH&S management.
  • Ensuring employees are competent to perform their roles safely.
  • Promoting awareness of OH&S policies and procedures.
  • Facilitating internal and external communication related to OH&S.
  • Maintaining accurate and accessible documentation.
A

Support

34
Q
  • Managing operations to mitigate OH&S risks.
  • Implementing control measures to prevent incidents.
  • Handling changes systematically to maintain safety standards.
  • Ensuring that suppliers and contractors adhere to OH&S requirements.
  • Preparing for and responding to potential emergencies effectively.
A

Operation

35
Q
  • Tracking OH&S performance through relevant metrics.
  • Conducting regular audits to assess the effectiveness of the OH&S management system.
  • Reviewing the system periodically to ensure its continued suitability and effectiveness.
A

Performance Evaluation

36
Q
  • Addressing incidents and nonconformities to prevent recurrence.
  • Striving for ongoing enhancement of the OH&S management system.
A

IMPROVEMENT

37
Q

ISO 45001 CERTIFICATION PROCESS

A
  • 3years to transit from ohsah 18001 to iso 45001
38
Q

Apply for ISO 45001 by Ascent Associates

A

STEP 1

39
Q

Followed by assessment process and filling the gap analysis

A

STEP 2

40
Q

Internal audit to verify your organization is now ready to acquire a certificate

A

Step 3

41
Q

Final Audit by a certified body

A

STEP 4

42
Q

Get your organization ISO 45001 certification

A

Step 5

43
Q

Standard type

A

ISO 45001 - International Standard
OHSAS 18001 - British Standard

44
Q

Focus

A

Occupational Health and Safety (oh and s) Management

45
Q

Integration

A
  • Follows the ISO High-Level Structure for easy integration with other standards (ISO 9001, ISO 14001)
  • nO INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK WITH OTHer ISO standards
46
Q

aspect

A
  • OHSAS 18001
  • ISO 45001
47
Q

approach

A

Proactive, risk based approach focusing on the opportunities for improvement
- Compliance focused approach

48
Q

Risk Management

A
  • Includes both risks and opportunities in ohs strategy
  • Focused primarily on hazard identification and risk control
49
Q

Worker Involvement

A
  • Emphasizes active worker participation and consultation
  • Limited emphasis on worker involvment
50
Q

Scope

A

Broader, including strategic context and leadership involvement
- narrower scope with less focus on organizational context

SAFETY IN PROCESS INDUSTRY (3 decks)

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