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4 Safety, Emergency Procedures, and Legal Issues > Safety Procedures > Flashcards

Safety Procedures Flashcards

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1
Q
  • What are appropriate landing surfaces for plyometric training?
  • How to progress surfaces?
  • What are inappropraite landing surfaces and why?
A
  • Appropriate landing Surfaces = adequate shock-absorbing properties, but not so soft it increases transition between eccentric and concentric phases
    • Grass/turf field
    • Sussopended floor
    • Rubber mats
  • Progress to harder surfaces that encourage higher rates of energy return
  • Excessively thick surfaces (≥6 inches) increase amortization phase, preventing efficent use of stretch reflect
    • trampolines, exercise mats
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2
Q
  • How much training space is needed for the following plyometric drills
    • Bounding and running drills
    • Standing, box, and depth jumps
A
  • Bounding and running drills = 33 yards (30m) straightaway
    • Some require 109 yards (100m) straightaway
  • Standing, box, and depth jumps
    • Requires minimum surface area
    • 9.8-13.2 feet (3-4m) height required
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3
Q

Describe propper footwear for plyometrics.

Describe impropper footwear and what risks they pose

A
  • Footwear should have
    • good ankle and arch support
    • good lateral stability
    • wide, nonslip sole
  • Footwear wit the following may invite ankle problems, especailly with lateral movements
    • Narrow sole and poor upper support (running shoes)
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4
Q

What 5 things should be cleaned daily?

(To remove “phlem”)

A
  1. Floors
  2. Lights/fans/vents
  3. Equipment surfaces
  4. Equipment moving parts (and lubricate)
  5. Mirrors/windows
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5
Q

What 6 things should be inspected daily for damage?

FNFMEP

A
  1. Floors
  2. Non-slip material
  3. Fixed equipment connection with floor
  4. Mirrors
  5. Equipment
  6. Protective padding
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6
Q

What should cleaning should done bi/tri weekly

A

Clean and lubricate aerobic machines and guide rods

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7
Q

What 2 cleaning tasks should be done once a week?

A

Clean and dust ceiling fixtures and attachment

Clean ceiling tile.

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8
Q

What are guidelines for the following:

  • Passaweway width
  • Hallway width
  • Circulation passageway width
  • Ramp for incline for doorway enterances
A
  • Passaweway width = 36 inches
  • Hallway width = 60 inches
  • Circulation passageway width = 60 inches
  • Ramp for incline for doorway enterances = 1 foot per inch of elevation change
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9
Q

Where should AE and emergency first aid kit be located?

A
  • Within 1.5 minute walk from potential incident sight @ wheelchair height
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10
Q

Music/sound should be below x and not exceed y

A

Music/sound below 70 and not exceed 90

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11
Q

What are electrical requirements in volts?

A

Both 110 and 220 capacity

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12
Q

Telephone height?

A

4ft

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13
Q

What are the following recommendations for:

  • Temeprature
    • Strength and conditioning
    • Other recommendations
  • Humidity
  • Ventalation
    • Minimum
    • Optimal
A
  • Temperature
    • Strength and conditioning = 72-78°
    • Other recommendations = 68-72°
  • Humidity = 50-60%
  • Ventalation
    • minimul = 8-10 exchanges per hour
    • Optimal = 12-15 eph
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14
Q

What are resistance training room recommendations for the following:

  • Staff to client ratio:
    • General
    • Middle school
    • do not exceed for secondary school/adult aged clients
  • Cieling height
    • Range
    • Minimum
  • Lighting
    • Ft candles
    • Lux
  • Windows
    • Height above ground
    • Type of lighting and influence
  • Mirrors
    • Height
    • distance from weight equiopment
  • Floor
    • Load bearing
    • Type of floor for olymic platforms
    • Plyometrics
A
  • Staff to client ratio:
    • General = 1:10
    • Middle school = 1:10
    • Do not exceed for secondary school/adult aged clients 1:15
  • Cieling height
    • Range: 12-14 ft
    • Minimum: 12 ft
  • Lighting
    • Ft candles: 750 ft
    • Lux: 807-1076
    • Brighter than classroom/office
  • Windows
    • Height above ground = 20 inches
    • Type of lighting and influence = natural lighting improves motivation
  • Mirrors
    • Height = 20 minches above ground
    • distance from weight equiopment = 6 inches appart
  • Floor
    • Load bearing = 100 pounds/square foot
    • Type of floor for olymic platforms = wood
    • Plyometrics = suspended floors
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15
Q

Describe equipment placing for the following equipment:

  • Requires spotter
    • Location
    • Distance from
  • Taller Machines
    • example of machines
    • placement
    • may need
  • Dumbbell racks/weight trees
A
  • Requires spotter
    • Away from mirrors/windows/doors
    • In area easily supervised/accessible
  • Taller machines
    • lat pulldown, calbe column, squat racks
    • Allong walls/ pillars for better visibility
    • May need to be bolted down to walls/floors
  • Dumbbell racks/weight trees
    • 6 inches from mirrors/windows
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16
Q

Equipment spacing/facility lay out

  • Fitness area
    • Range of ft2 per piece of equipment
  • Equipment adjacent clear floor space for ADA req.
  • Stretching /Bodyweight up area
    • Range ft2
    • Optimal ft2
  • Aerobic exercise area
    • ideal safety cushion =
    • Machines
      • Stationary bikes
      • stair master
      • skii machine
      • rowing machines
      • treadmills
        *
A

Equipment spacing/facility lay out

  • Fitness area per piece of equipment = 25-50 ft2
  • ADA equipment adjacent clear floor space = 30x48 inches minimum
  • Stretching warm up area
    • Square foot range = 40-60 ft2
    • Square foot optimal = 49 ft2
  • Aerobic exercise area
    • ideal safety cushion = 3ft on all sides of equipment
    • Machines
      • Stationary bikes = 24 ft2
      • stair master = 24 ft2
      • skii machine = 6 ft2
      • rowing machines = 40 ft2
      • treadmills = 45 ft2
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17
Q

Resistance training equipment requirements:

  • RT Machines
    • Space b/w RT machines and equipment
      • Minimum
      • Optimal
    • Safety cushion for free weight exercises performed in RT machine area (e.g. circuit training workout area)
    • Space between multistation machines and single station machines
  • RT Free weights
    • space b/w ends of olymic bars/fixed weight barbells on racks
    • space b/w weight trees and plate loaded equipment
    • Dumbell racks distance from mirrors/windows
    • # exercisers free weight area designed for
  • Olympic lifting area
    • Perimiter around platform
    • Ft2 needed for Olympic lifting area
A
  • RT Machines
    • Space b/w RT machines and equipment
      • Minimum = 2ft
      • Optimal = 3ft
    • Safety cushion for free weight exercises performed in RT machine area (e.g. circuit training workout area) = 3ft
    • Space between multistation machines and single station machines >3ft if possible
  • RT Free weights
    • space b/w ends of olymic bars/fixed weight barbells on racks = 3ft
    • space b/w weight trees and plate loaded equipment = 3ft minimum
    • Dumbell racks distance from mirrors/windows = 6 inches
    • # exercisers free weight area designed for = 3-4
  • Olympic lifting area
    • Perimiter around platform = 3-4ft
    • Ft2 needed for Olympic lifting area = 36ft2
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18
Q

Equioment spacing at home gym

  • safety cushion
  • recommended space for kickboxing, dancing, calisthenics
A
  • safety cushion = 18 inches
  • recommended space for kickboxing, dancing, calisthenics = 25=49ft2
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19
Q

How to determine equipment to member ratio:

  • For cardio
  • For resistance
A
  • For cardio
    1. Number of memberse use facilty dury any 2 hr period = 25% total membership
    2. Multiply 25% total membership x % daily users
    3. Multiply results from #2 by number of machines per member
      1. (e.g. 1 machine per 5 daily user)
  • For resistance
    • 1 circuit training area per 1,000 users
20
Q
  • What is the basic formula for caculating needed user space + safety cushion?
    • Use example of olympic bar bench press
  • What is formula for stretching and warm up activities?
  • What is formula for aerobic and resistance training machines
  • What is formula for @ home aetobics, caklisthenics, etc.
A
  • What is the basic formula for caculating needed user space + safety cushion?
    • (user space length + safety cushion right + safety cushion left) x (user space width + safety cushion right + safety cushion left)
      • (6 Weight bench length + 3ft + 3ft) x (7ft bar length + 3ft + 3ft) = 156 ft2
  • What is formula for stretching and warm up activities?
    • 7ft user space x 7ft user space = 49ft2
  • What is formula for aerobic and resistance training machines
    • Treadmill 3ft wide x 7 ft long
    • (7ft + 3ft + 3ft) x (3ft +3ft + 3ft) = 117ft2
  • What is formula for @ home aerobics, calisthenics, etc.
    • 5-7 ft user space length x 5-7 ft user space width =25-49ft2
21
Q
  • What are the 4 objectives of the predesign phase?
  • What are the 2 objectivs of design phase?
  • What are 3 objectives of construction phase?
  • What are 4 objectives of preoperation phase?
  • What are the 3 steps for:
    • 1st steps
    • 2nd steps
    • 3rd steps
A
  • What are the 4 objectives of the predesign phase?
    1. Needs analysis
    2. Master plan
    3. Feasibility study
    4. Hire Architect
  • What are the 2 objectivs of design phase?
    • Finalize comittee
    • Create blueprint
  • What are 3 objectives of construction phase?
    • Follow masterplan
    • Arrange equipment
    • Check construction progress
  • What are 4 objectives of preoperation phase?
    • Hire staff
    • Create cleaning schedule
    • Assign duties
    • Create plan for operation
  • What are the 3 steps for:
    • 1st steps
      • Form comittee
      • Feasibility study
      • Need analysis
    • 2nd steps
      • Create operational plan
      • Remodel/upgrade
      • Finaliazedesign and decorations
    • 3rd steps
      • Arrange equiupment
      • Create employee duties and schedule
      • hire/keep staff
22
Q

What 4 phases of designing/planning health fitness facility should PT be involved in?

A
  1. Predesign
  2. Design
  3. Construction
  4. Pre-operation
23
Q

Under what temperature and humidity conditions does risk of exertional heastroke increase?

A
  • ↑ between 65-72°F and 65.1-72% humidity
24
Q

What 6 factors can contribute to overuse injury?

DIFTSS

A
  1. Decreased flexibility
  2. Insufficient motor control
  3. Faulty biomechanics or technique during performance
  4. Training errors
    • Poor program design (lack of variation, too much intensity) or progressing too early
  5. Suboptimal training surfaces (too hard/ uneven)
  6. Skeletal malalignment
25
Q

What are 9 common signs of RT overtraining?

  • Performance
  • Mood/sleep
  • Composition
  • Health
A
  1. Plateau followed by decrease of strength gains
  2. Excessive muscle soreness
  3. Sleep disturbances
  4. Cold that won’t go away
  5. Persistent flu-like symptoms
  6. Mood changes
  7. ↓ interest in training program
  8. ↓ in lean body mass when not dieting
  9. ↓ appetite
26
Q

What are 12 signs of aerobic endurance overtraining?

  • interest/enthusiasm for training
  • ↑ Muscle _
  • General _
  • _ psychological mood sates
  • _ onset of fatigue
  • sympathetic stress response
  • performance
  • catecholamine levels
  • submaximal exercise plasma lactate concentration
  • VO2 max
  • resting and maximal HR
  • submaximal exercise HR
A
  1. ↓ interest/enthusiasm for training
  2. ↑ Muscle soreness
  3. General malaise
  4. Disturbed psychological mood sates
  5. Earlier onset of fatigue
  6. ↑ sympathetic stress response
  7. ↓ performance
  8. ↓ catecholamine levels
  9. ↓ submaximal exercise plasma lactate concentration
  10. ↓ VO2 max
  11. ↓ resting and maximal HR
  12. ↑ submaximal exercise HR
27
Q

What is key to preventing overtraining?

What signs should increase suspicion of overtraining?

What should you test to investigate overtraining?

A
  • Properly periodized program = key for preventing overtraining
  • Decline in performance + other markers (fatigue, increased soreness) should → suspicion of over training
  • Check HR response to standardized VO2 submax test to investigate if overtrained (VO2 max will be lower)
28
Q

What are 10 signs and symptoms of heat exhaution

(include HR and BP)

A
  1. Cool, moist skin with goose bumps when in the heat
  2. Heavy sweating
  3. Faintness
  4. Dizziness
  5. Fatigue
  6. Muscle cramps
  7. Nausea
  8. Headache
  9. Weak, rapid pulse
  10. Low blood pressure upon standing
29
Q

What are 9 signs and symptoms of heat stroke?

(HR, ventelation, temperature)

A
  1. Fever of 104 F (40 C) or greater
  2. Changes in mental status or behavior, such as confusion, agitation, slurred speech
  3. Hot, dry skin or heavy sweating
  4. Flushed skin
  5. Nausea and vomiting
  6. Headache
  7. Fainting, which may be the first sign in older adults
  8. Rapid pulse
  9. Rapid breathing
30
Q

What 5 things should be done to treat heat exhaustion?

What 6 symptoms indicate you should you call 911?

A
  1. Move person out of heat
  2. Elevate legs and feet slightly
  3. Remove excess clothes
  4. Cool by person by whatever means available (water, ice, etc.)
  5. Let drink cool water to rehydrate if able. No sugar, caffeinated, or alcoholic beverages
  • Call 911 if
    1. Fainting
    2. Agitation
    3. Confusion
    4. Seizures
    5. Inability to drink
    6. Core body temperature — measured by rectal thermometer — of 104 F (40 C) (heatstroke)
31
Q

What are 5 steps for treating heatstroke?

A
  1. Call 911
  2. Move person out of heat
  3. Remove excess clothes
  4. Cool by person by whatever means available (water, ice, etc.)
  5. Let drink cool water to rehydrate if able. No sugar, caffeinated, or alcoholic beverages
32
Q

What are the steps of bascic first aid in emergency?

Include steps for:

  • Awake and responsive
  • Unresponisve and breathing
  • Unresponsive and not breathing
A
  1. Assess scene and person
  2. If awake and responsive and no life-threatening bleeding
    • Obtain consent
    • Tell bystander to get AED and first aid
    • Interview client with SAMPLE
      • Signs and symptoms
      • Allergies
      • Medications
      • Pertinent medical history
      • Last food/drink
      • Events leading up to situation
    • Conduct head to toe check for injury
  3. If unresponsive
    • Shout to get attention, check for normal breathing
    • If breathing :
      1. Bystander call 911 and get AED + first aid
      2. Roll person onto side into recovery position if no injury
    • If not breathing – use CPR or AED
33
Q

What are 6 steps of CPR

A
  1. Call 911 or ask someone else to.
  2. Lay the person on their back and open their Airway.
  3. Check for Breathing.
  4. Perform 30 chest Compressions @ 100 BPM
  5. Perform two rescue breaths.
  6. Repeat until an ambulance or automated external defibrillator (AED) arrives
34
Q

What are protocol for CPR for:

  • Adults
  • Child
  • Infant

Include how to identify age, location of hand placement and compression depth

A
  1. Adult = signs of puberty and up
    • 2 hands @ center of nipples
    • at least 2 inches deep
  2. Child = age 1 to signs of puberty
    • 1 or 2 hands @ center of nipples
    • about 2 inches deep
  3. Infant = < 1 year = 2 fingers @ center of the chest
    • about 1 finger-width below the nipples
    • 1.5 inches deep
35
Q

What are 4 steps of using AED

A
  1. Bare the victim’s chest
  2. Apply sticky pads (electrodes) that come with the AED to the victim’s bare chest. Pads have simple diagrams for placement.
  3. Press the shock button when prompted and after you’ve checked to see that no one is touching the victim
  4. Resume CPR after the shock
36
Q

Give example of emergency procedure protocol for 7 steps for responding to life-treatening situations.

A
  1. Call 911
  2. Dn’t move victim
  3. If consious, ask permision to administer first aid
  4. Administer CPR/AED if necissary
  5. Stay with victim until help arrives
  6. Activiate emergency communication plan to notify approrriate parties
    1. Doccument indident on injury report.
37
Q

Describe 5 steps of sample emergency procedures protocol for Environmental procedures.

A
  1. Activate the appropriate alarm and get everyone directed to predetermined safe location
  2. Call 911 for medical help if necessary
  3. Account for all parties and notify rescue personnel
  4. Activate emergency communication plan to notify appropriate parties
  5. Document indicent on injury report
38
Q

How often should emergency action plans be practiced?

A

At least quarterly

39
Q
  • What are 3 phases of exercise equipment selection?
    • What 3 things are done in Phase 1?
    • What is used in Phase 2?
      • What 6 questions are answered?
    • What 4 things are reviewed in phase 3?
      • What is a potenial phase 3 goal?
A
  1. Develop functional criteria for euipment
    1. Select equipment that will meet user needs
    2. Understand equipment mechanics
    3. Analyze movement types
  2. Evaluate speficications and effectiveness of equipment
    1. Use needs analysis from design phase 1 to answer questions on
      1. Age group/type of individuals
      2. Color coordination
      3. Selling point
      4. The company/companies you want to use, or companies,
      5. Expected cost
      6. Estimate equipment need
  3. Evaluate Manufactures’ business practices
    1. Review
      1. Business records
      2. Product quality
      3. Customer service
      4. Reputation
    2. Goal = try to receive equipment from 1 company
40
Q

What are 9 typical legal claims seen in health and fitness

Help you PREPAIRSS

A
  1. Preexercise evaluation or functional testing
  2. Releases and waivers
  3. Emergency response
  4. Prescription of exercise or fitness or any recommendation to clients.
  5. Application of recommendations, standards, and guidelines of delivery of certain fitness services
  6. Insurance
  7. Records and ethics
  8. Screening duties and responsibilities for the clients
  9. Selection, assembly, installation, and maintenance of equipment.
41
Q

What is criminal law?

What 2 things may be covered by state criminal law?

A

A criminal act is one that is unlawful and punishable by fine, imprisonment, or death.

  • Giving of medical or dietetic services is part of criminal law in some states
  • Provision of controlled drug substances is made criminal in some states.
42
Q

What is contract law?

A
  • Agreements that involve promises of performance, bargained by 2 parties for something of value
    • E.g. agreeing to deliver weekly services in exhange for client payment
43
Q

What does tort law apply to?

What does it usually involve?

A
  • Tort law applies to wrongful acts/omissions that happen between parties that are relevant
  • Omissions often involve injury or death
  • Tort = wrong
44
Q

What are 4 typical defenses to negligence actions? (to prevent negligence)

A
  1. Adherance to industry guidelines and standards
  2. Secure proper informed consent for testing and/or assumption of risk.
  3. Prospectively given waivers/releases of liability
45
Q

What are 4 points of NSCA Code of Ethics

A
  1. No descrimination, treat all clients equally and protect their confidentiality
  2. PT obey all relevant local, state, and federal laws. Obey institutitonal guidelines and NSCA bylaws, procedures, and policies.
  3. Do not misrepresent your certification, trianin, skills, and only provided services qualified to provide
  4. PT avoid professional behavior that reflects negatively on NSCA.
46
Q

What are 8 examples of secure records that should be kept on file?

CAIMMPPS

A
  1. Cleaning and maintenance
  2. Assumption of risk or other informed consent forms
  3. Injury report forms
  4. Manufacture’s warranties and guidelines
  5. Medical waivers and clearance forms
  6. Personal credentials
  7. Professional guidelines and recommendations
  8. Safety procedures

4 Safety, Emergency Procedures, and Legal Issues (2 decks)

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