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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > SAFETY IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY > Flashcards

SAFETY IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY Flashcards

1
Q

potentially hazard microorganisms

A

biological hazards

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2
Q

transmission of microorganisms; essential in preventing the spread of infection

A

chain of infection

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3
Q

chain of infection requires a continuous link between:

A

SMS
Source
Mode of Transmission
Susceptible Host

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4
Q

6 components of Chain of Infection

A
  1. Infectious Agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of Entry
  4. Mode of Transmission
  5. Entry Portal
  6. Susceptible Host
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5
Q

3 routes of infection

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Inhalation
  3. Direct inoculation or skin contact
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6
Q

Personal Protective Equipment

A
  1. Gloves
  2. Fluid-resistant gown
  3. Eye and face shields
  4. Countertop shields
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7
Q

primary method of infection transmission

A

Hand Contact

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8
Q

BEST WAY to break the chain of infection

A

Handwashing

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9
Q

done when hands are visibly soiled

A

handwashing (with soap and water)

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10
Q

done when hands are not visible soiled

A

apply alcohol based hand-rub (ex. hand sanitizer)

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11
Q

the most important part of hand washing

A

friction

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12
Q

how long handwashing should take

A

15 (or 20) seconds

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13
Q

if 15 secs and 20 secs were given in the choices, what would you choose

A

15 secs

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14
Q

Rinse hands in a _________ position

A

downward

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15
Q

last step of handwashing

A

turn off faucets with a clean paper towel to prevent recontamination

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16
Q

Handwashing Procedure

A
  1. Wet hands with warm water
  2. Apply antimicrobial soap
  3. Rub to form a lather, create friction, and loosen debris
  4. Thoroughly clean between fingers, including thumbs, under fingernails, and rings, and up to the wrist for at least 15 (or 20) seconds
  5. Rinse hands in a downward position
  6. Dry with a paper towel
  7. Turn off faucets with a clean paper towel to prevent recontamination
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17
Q

Handwashing Song

A

Happy Birthday Song 2x

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18
Q

all biological waste, except urine, must be placed in appropriate containers labeled with

A

biohazard symbol

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19
Q

the accepted “BIOHAZARD” label

A

fluorescent orange (Henry)

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20
Q

discard urine by pouring it into _____, avoid splashing, and then flush with water

A

laboratory sink

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21
Q

true or false

empty urine containers can be discarded as nonbiologically hazardous waste

A

true

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22
Q

disinfection of the sink using a 1:5 or _____

A

1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite

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23
Q

disinfection of the sink with 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite should be performed ______

A

daily

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24
Q

disinfection eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except _______

A

bacterial spores

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25
Q

a 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite is prepared by adding 1 part of sodium hypochlorite to 9 parts of water that is effective for how many month/s?

A

1 month

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26
Q

describe the biohazard symbol

A

three circles overlapping each other (triple venn diagram with the overlapping parts erased)

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27
Q

sharp hazards

A

needles, lancets, broken glasswares

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28
Q

sharp hazards are disposed in a _____

A

red puncture-resistant containers

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29
Q

sharp hazard symbol

A

syringe with cross (idk the term)

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30
Q

the best method of radioactive waste disposal

A

store the used radio material in a locked, marked room until the background count is down to 10 half-lives for radioiodine

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31
Q

radioactive hazards symbol

A

mukhang elecetric fan

32
Q

best first aid for chemical spills

A

flush the area with amounts of water for at least 15 mins then seek medical attention

33
Q

for alkali or acid burns in the eye, wash out eye thoroughly with _____ 15 mins

A

running water

34
Q

true or false

neutralize chemicals that come in contact with the skin

A

false (it must not be neutralize)

35
Q

true or false

acid spills on floor can be neutralized and then soaked up with wet rags or spill pillows

36
Q

how acid should be handled?

a. always add water to acid
b. always add acid to water

A

B. Always Add Acid to Water (AAW)

37
Q

Colors of the Chemical Hazard Identification System

A

from right (You Were Born Right)
Yellow (right)
White (bottom)
Blue (left)
Red (top)

38
Q

Yellow Chemical Hazards

A

Reactivity/Stability Hazard

39
Q

White Chemical Hazards

A

Specific Hazards

40
Q

Blue Chemical Hazard

A

Health Hazard

41
Q

Red Chemical Hazard

A

Flammability Hazard

42
Q

Reactivity/Stability Hazard

A

(SUVSM)
0 = Stable
1 = Unstable if heated
2 = Violent chemical change
3 = shock & heat may deteriorate/detonate
4 = May deterioriate/detonate

43
Q

Specific Hazards

A

OXY = Oxidizer
ACID = Acid
ALK = Alkali
COR = Corrosive
W with line = Use no Water
Bilog na may electricfan = Radiation

44
Q

Health Hazard

A

(NSHED)
0 = Normal Material
1 = Slightly hazardous
2 = Hazardous
3 = Extreme danger
4 = Deadly

45
Q

Flammability Hazard

A

0 = Will not burn
1 = Above 200℉
2 = Below 200℉
3 = Below 100℉
4 = Below 73℉

46
Q

Degree of Hazards (Hazard Index)

A

“No SMS Ex’S”
0 = No/minimal hazard
1 = Slight hazard
2 = Moderate hazard
3 = Serious hazard
4 = Extreme/Severe hazard

47
Q

true or false

do not operate equipment with wet hands

48
Q

all electrical equipment is grounded in a ______ to avoid electric shock

A

3-pronged plug

49
Q

true or false

touch the person or the equipment involved if electric shock occurs

50
Q

what should be done during electric shock

A
  1. turn off the circuit breaker
  2. unplug the equipment
  3. move the equipment using a nonconductive glass or wood object
51
Q

where should flammable chemicals be stored

A

safety cabinets and explosion-proof refrigerators

52
Q

true or false

persons with burning clothes should be wrapped in the plastic wrapper to smother the flames

A

false (should be wrapped in a blanket)

53
Q

what should be done when fire is discovered

A

RACE
Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish/Evacuate

54
Q

how to operate a fire extinguisher

A

PASS
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep

55
Q

Ordinary Combustibles:
Paper, cloth, rubbish, plastic, wood

A

Fire Type A

56
Q

Flammable Liquids:
Alcohol, ether, grease, gasoline, paints, oil

A

Fire Type B

57
Q

Electrical Equipment and motor switches

A

Fire Type C

58
Q

Flammable metals: Mercury, magnesium, sodium, lithium

A

Fire Type D

59
Q

Detonation (Arsenal Wife)

A

Fire Type E

60
Q

Cooking media: Grease, oils, fats

A

Fire Type K

61
Q

Type of Extinguisher for Fire Type A

A

water, dry chemical, loaded steam

62
Q

Type of Extinguisher for Fire Type B

A

Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halon foam

63
Q

Type of Extinguisher for Fire Type C

A

Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halon

64
Q

What is the most recommended fire extinguisher for electrical equipment?

65
Q

Type of Extinguisher for Fire Type D

A

Metal X, sand; dry powder; fought by fire fighters only

66
Q

Type of Extinguisher for Fire Type E

A

Allowed to burn out and nearby materials protected

67
Q

Type of Extinguisher for Fire Type K

A

Liquid designed to prevent splashing and cool the tire

68
Q

most common type of extinguisher for type A

69
Q

most common type of extinguisher for type ABC

A

Dry Chemicals

70
Q

most common type of extinguisher for type BC

A

Carbon Dioxide and Halon

71
Q

what is the most common all-purpose extinguisher

A

Dry Chemical Extinguishers

72
Q

Fire types that should be handled only by trained personnel

A

Class D and E fire

73
Q

Work related and include strain due to repeated positions

A

Ergonomic Hazards

74
Q

hazards due to extremely low temperatures

A

Cryogenic hazards

75
Q

hazards that include centrifuges, refrigerators, autoclaves, homogenizers, and glasswares

A

Mechanical Hazards

76
Q

Hazards that include running in rooms and hallways and wearing dangling jewelries

A

Physical Hazards

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (2 decks)

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