Safety in the Clinical Laboratory

Question 1

What are the 3 routes of infection?

Answer 1

1. Inhalation
2. Ingestion
3. Direct inoculation or skin contact

Question 2

What are the 6 components of Chain of Infection?

Answer 2

(I, R, E, M, E, S)

1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Exit Portal
4. Mode of Transmission
5. Entrance Portal
6. Susceptible host

Question 3

What is the best way to break the chain of infection?

Answer 3

Handwashing

Question 4

To handwash thoroughly, the duration of the process must be at least _____

Answer 4

15 to 20 seconds

Question 5

Rinsing after handwashing must be in a _________ position.

Answer 5

Downward

Question 6

How many times should the “Happy Birthday” song be sang while handwashing?

Answer 6

2x (twice)

Question 7

All biological waste, except urine, must be placed in appropriate containers labeled with the ________ symbol.

Answer 7

Biohazard

Question 8

What is the accepted “Biohazard” label?

Answer 8

Fluorescent orange

Question 9

What is used in disinfecting the sink and how often should it be disinfected?

Answer 9

1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite; daily

Question 10

Disinfection using 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except _________?

Answer 10

Bacterial spores

Question 11

How do you prepare a 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite?

How long does it last before you need to make again?

Answer 11

By adding 1 part of sodium hypochlorite to 9 parts of water; one month

Question 12

How do you describe the biohazard symbol?

Answer 12

Three circles overlapping each other equally like a triple Venn diagram

Question 13

This type of hazard must be disposed in a puncture-resistant container

Answer 13

Sharp hazard

Question 14

What is the type of hazard that involves procedures that perform using radioisotopes?

Answer 14

Radioactive hazard

Question 15

What is the best first aid for chemical spills?

Answer 15

Flush the area with amounts of water for at least 15 mins then seek medical attention

Question 16

What should you do if you accidentally have alkali or acid burns in the eye?

Answer 16

Wash out the eye thoroughly with running water for 15 mins

Question 17

What does NFPA means?

Answer 17

National Fire Protection Association

Question 18

In NFPA Hazardous Materials Classification, what are the 4 quadrants and its corresponding colors?

Answer 18

Mnemonics: “You Were Born Right”

Yellow = Reactivity/Stability hazard
White = Specific hazard
Blue = Health hazard
Red = Flammability hazard

Question 19

Classifications under reactivity/stability hazard:

Answer 19

0 = stable
1 = unstable if heated
2 = violent chemical change
3 = shock & heat may deteriorate/detonate
4 = may deteriorate/detonate

Question 20

Classifications under specific hazard:

Answer 20

OXY = oxidizer
ACID = acid
ALK = alkali
COR = corrosive
W = use no water
(Radiation sign) = radiation

Question 21

Classification under health hazard:

Answer 21

0 = normal material
1 = slightly hazardous
2 = hazardous
3 = extreme danger
4 = deadly

Question 22

Classifications under flammability hazard:

Answer 22

0 = will not burn
1 = above 200F
2 = below 200F
3 = below 100F
4 = below 73F

Question 23

What are the degree of hazards?

Answer 23

0 = no/minimal
1 = slight hazard
2 = moderate hazard
3 = serious hazard
4 = extreme/severe hazard

Question 24

What should you do if electrical shock occurs on a person?

Answer 24

1. Never touch the person or the equipment involved,
2. Turn off the circuit breaker,
3. Unplug the equipment,
4. Move the equipment using a nonconductive glass or wood object

Question 25

Flammable chemicals should be stored in safety cabinets and ____________________ in a remote area.

Answer 25

explosion-proof refrigerators

Question 26

What should you do when a fire is discovered?

Answer 26

Mnemonics: RACE

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish/evacuate

Question 27

How do you operate a fire extinguisher?

Answer 27

Mnemonics: PASS

Pull the pin,
Aim at the base of the fire,
Squeeze handles,
Sweep nozzle side to side

Question 28

What type of fire does include ordinary combustibles such as paper, cloth, rubbish, plastic, wood? What type of fire extinguisher should be used?

Answer 28

Type A; water, dry chemical, loaded steam

Question 29

What type of fire does include flammable liquids such as grease, gasoline, paints, oil? What type of fire extinguisher should be used?

Answer 29

Type B; dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halon foam (liquid)

Question 30

What type of fire does include flammable metals such as mercury, magnesium, sodium, lithium? What type of fire extinguisher should be used?

Answer 30

Type D; metal X, sand, dry powder

Question 31

What type of fire does include detonation (arsenal fire)? What type of fire extinguisher should be used?

Answer 31

Type E; it is allowed to burn out and nearly materials protected

Question 32

What type of fire does include cooking media such as grease, oils, fats? What type of fire extinguisher should be used?

Answer 32

Type K; use liquid designed to prevent splashing and cool the fire

Question 33

What hazard is work-related and include strain due to repeated positions?

Answer 33

Ergonomic hazards

Question 34

What hazard is a hazard due to extremely low temperatures?

Answer 34

Cryogenic hazards

Question 35

What hazard does include centrifuges, refrigerators, autoclaves, homogenizers, and glasswares?

Answer 35

Mechanical hazards