Safety in the Clinical Laboratory Flashcards
What are the 3 routes of infection?
- Inhalation
- Ingestion
- Direct inoculation or skin contact
What are the 6 components of Chain of Infection?
(I, R, E, M, E, S)
- Infectious agent
- Reservoir
- Exit Portal
- Mode of Transmission
- Entrance Portal
- Susceptible host
What is the best way to break the chain of infection?
Handwashing
To handwash thoroughly, the duration of the process must be at least _____
15 to 20 seconds
Rinsing after handwashing must be in a _________ position.
Downward
How many times should the “Happy Birthday” song be sang while handwashing?
2x (twice)
All biological waste, except urine, must be placed in appropriate containers labeled with the ________ symbol.
Biohazard
What is the accepted “Biohazard” label?
Fluorescent orange
What is used in disinfecting the sink and how often should it be disinfected?
1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite; daily
Disinfection using 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except _________?
Bacterial spores
How do you prepare a 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite?
How long does it last before you need to make again?
By adding 1 part of sodium hypochlorite to 9 parts of water; one month
How do you describe the biohazard symbol?
Three circles overlapping each other equally like a triple Venn diagram
This type of hazard must be disposed in a puncture-resistant container
Sharp hazard
What is the type of hazard that involves procedures that perform using radioisotopes?
Radioactive hazard
What is the best first aid for chemical spills?
Flush the area with amounts of water for at least 15 mins then seek medical attention
What should you do if you accidentally have alkali or acid burns in the eye?
Wash out the eye thoroughly with running water for 15 mins
What does NFPA means?
National Fire Protection Association
In NFPA Hazardous Materials Classification, what are the 4 quadrants and its corresponding colors?
Mnemonics: “You Were Born Right”
Yellow = Reactivity/Stability hazard
White = Specific hazard
Blue = Health hazard
Red = Flammability hazard
Classifications under reactivity/stability hazard:
0 = stable
1 = unstable if heated
2 = violent chemical change
3 = shock & heat may deteriorate/detonate
4 = may deteriorate/detonate
Classifications under specific hazard:
OXY = oxidizer
ACID = acid
ALK = alkali
COR = corrosive
W = use no water
(Radiation sign) = radiation
Classification under health hazard:
0 = normal material
1 = slightly hazardous
2 = hazardous
3 = extreme danger
4 = deadly
Classifications under flammability hazard:
0 = will not burn
1 = above 200F
2 = below 200F
3 = below 100F
4 = below 73F
What are the degree of hazards?
0 = no/minimal
1 = slight hazard
2 = moderate hazard
3 = serious hazard
4 = extreme/severe hazard
What should you do if electrical shock occurs on a person?
- Never touch the person or the equipment involved,
- Turn off the circuit breaker,
- Unplug the equipment,
- Move the equipment using a nonconductive glass or wood object
Flammable chemicals should be stored in safety cabinets and ____________________ in a remote area.
explosion-proof refrigerators
What should you do when a fire is discovered?
Mnemonics: RACE
Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish/evacuate
How do you operate a fire extinguisher?
Mnemonics: PASS
Pull the pin,
Aim at the base of the fire,
Squeeze handles,
Sweep nozzle side to side
What type of fire does include ordinary combustibles such as paper, cloth, rubbish, plastic, wood? What type of fire extinguisher should be used?
Type A; water, dry chemical, loaded steam
What type of fire does include flammable liquids such as grease, gasoline, paints, oil? What type of fire extinguisher should be used?
Type B; dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halon foam (liquid)
What type of fire does include flammable metals such as mercury, magnesium, sodium, lithium? What type of fire extinguisher should be used?
Type D; metal X, sand, dry powder
What type of fire does include detonation (arsenal fire)? What type of fire extinguisher should be used?
Type E; it is allowed to burn out and nearly materials protected
What type of fire does include cooking media such as grease, oils, fats? What type of fire extinguisher should be used?
Type K; use liquid designed to prevent splashing and cool the fire
What hazard is work-related and include strain due to repeated positions?
Ergonomic hazards
What hazard is a hazard due to extremely low temperatures?
Cryogenic hazards
What hazard does include centrifuges, refrigerators, autoclaves, homogenizers, and glasswares?
Mechanical hazards
