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Microtechniques > Safety CH 4 > Flashcards

Safety CH 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Safety
◦ What agencies are involved?

A
  • College of American Pathologists
  • Occupational Safety and Health administration
  • Center for Disease Control
  • Environmental Protection Agency
  • Many Others
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2
Q

College of American Pathologists

A
  • Accredidation for Colleges, Universities, and Laboratories
  • Guidelines for specimen handling
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2
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)

A
  • “to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working
    men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by
    providing training, outreach, education and assistance.”
  • Bloodborne Pathogen Plan (1993)
  • Ergonomic Standards 2001 (repealed)
  • OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (Right to know)
  • 29 CFR 1910.1450 Lab Standard
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3
Q

Center for Disease Control (CDC)

A
  • Universal Precautions
  • TB infection control recommendations
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4
Q

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A
  • Handling waste
  • Disposing waste
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5
Q

PPE- Personal Protective Equipment

A
  • EXTREMELY important
  • Includes everything used to protect lab technologist from harm in the lab
  • Gloves, Goggles, Apron, Lab Coat, Closed Toe Shoes, Face Mask
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6
Q

3 Types of Safety Hazards

A

1.) Biological or Infections Hazards

2.) Mechanical Hazards

3.) Chemical Hazards

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7
Q

Biological or Infectious Hazards
◦ What does it mean to be infectious?

A

A substance that contains enough pathogens to cause a disease

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7
Q

Biological or Infectious Hazards
1.) Blood Borne Pathogen Standard (OSHA)

2.) Universal Precautions (CDC 2008)

A

1.) Blood Borne Pathogen Standard (OSHA)
- 1989, took effect in 1993.
- Blood and body fluids

2.) Universal Precautions (CDC 2008)
- Treat EVERYTHING as if it is infectious
- Protect yourself

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8
Q

Biological or Infectious Hazards
1.) What diseases are of primary concern?

2.) What areas in the histopathology lab are
of primary concern?

A

1.) Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B and C, Creutzfeld Jacob Disease

2.) Frozen Sections, autopsy, surgical grossing, waste disposal

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9
Q

Biological or Infectious Hazards
◦ Tuberculosis Exposure (OSHA 1910.134)

A
  • CDC has a TB Infection Program
  • CAP documented control program
  • Airborne Control
  • Detection
  • Treatment
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis*
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10
Q

Biological or Infectious Hazards
1.) Cryogenic Sprays

2.) HIV, Hepatitis B and C

A

1.) Cryogenic Sprays
- Increase risk of exposure
- Avoid using when possible

2.) HIV, Hepatitis B and C
- Hepatitis B vaccination
- Unfixed tissue
- Open wounds/cuts/scrapes
- Universal Precautions

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11
Q

Biological or Infectious Hazards
◦ Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD)

A
  • Prion affecting white matter of brain
  • Very dangerous
  • Proper Fixation
  • Waste disposal
  • Autoclaving
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12
Q

Chemical Hazards

A
  • Can present physical or health problems
  • “Right to know” law
  • OSHA 1910.1450 Lab Standard
  • Chemical Hygiene Plan
    *Practices to minimize exposure
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12
Q

Biological or Infectious Hazards
◦ Handling tissue waste

A
  • Biohazard bags
  • Sharps Containers
  • Broken Glass containers
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13
Q

Mechanical Hazards
◦ What consists of a mechanical hazard?

A
  • Sharp Instruments (OSHA BBP)
  • Microtome Blades, Razors, Scalpels, Needles
  • Glass
  • Electrical hazards
13
Q

Mechanical Hazards
◦ Ergonomics

A
  • Workplace design
  • Muskuloskeletal Disorders
    Carpal Tunnel, Trigger Finger, Tendonitis
  • CAP regulation
14
Q

Chemical Hazards
◦ Toxic Dose Low
◦ Toxic Concentration Low
◦ Lethal Dose

A

◦ Toxic Dose Low
- Lowest dose to produce toxic effect

◦ Toxic Concentration Low
- Lowest concentration to produce toxic effect

◦ Lethal Dose
- LD50: dose of exposure that would kill 50% of experimental population

14
Q

Chemical Hazards
◦ Formaldehyde Standard (OSHA 1910.1048, 1992)

A

Permissible Exposure Limits (Time Weighted Action, action levels)
- 8 Hour time period: 0.75ppm (TWA)
- 0.5 part formaldehyde per million parts of air (0.5 ppm)

Short Term Exposure Limit
- 15m for 4x a day
- 15m time period: 2.0ppm

  • Repeated every 6 months IF exposure limits are not exceeded
15
Q

Chemical Hazards
◦ Carcinogens
◦ Corrosive
◦ Fire and Explosive
◦ Reproductive, Mutagens, Teratogens

A

◦ Carcinogens
- Increase risk of cancer
- Formaldehyde, chromic acid, pararosaniline,
benzidine based dyes

◦ Corrosive
- Acids by definition

◦ Fire and Explosive
- Picric Acid, Ammoniacal Silver, hydrocarbons, alcohols

◦ Reproductive, Mutagens, Teratogens

16
Q

Fire Classes

A

◦ Class A: combustible materials. Wood, paper, plastics. *Extinguished using water
based solutions

◦ Class B: flammable liquids and gases.
*Need to be “squelched” of oxygen to be extinguished

◦ Class C: electrical fires.
*Must be
extinguished with nonconductive media

◦ Class D: combustible and reactive reagents/metals.

17
Q

◦ Chemical Spills
◦ Chemical Storage
◦ Chemical Disposal

A

◦ Chemical Spills
- Spill Kits Available

◦ Chemical Storage
- Fire: 1 gallon per 100 square feet
- Inside Safety Cabinets: 2 gallons per 100 square feet

◦ Chemical Disposal
- EPA regulates

17
Q

Lowering Amount of Hazardous Waste

A
  • Acquisition contraints
    *Purchasing less in smaller amounts
  • Process changes
    *Substitute less hazardous material
  • Recovery
    *silver
  • Recycling
    *Distillation of xylene, alcohol, formalin
  • Redistribution
18
Q

Hazard Identification
◦ MSDS
◦ NFPA Diamond

A

◦ MSDS
- Right to Know Act
- Readily available
- Must include ALL chemicals in lab

◦ NFPA Diamond
- Blue- health
- Red- flammability
- Yellow- reactivity
- White- special symbol

19
Q

NFPA Diamond Legend: 0-4

A
  • 0 indicating no hazard
  • 4 indicating EXTREME hazard
20
Q

Labeling in the lab

A
  • Contents
  • Target organs of hazard
  • Manufacturer
  • Date of receipt, preparation, or date of service
  • Expiration date
  • Precautions
21
Q

General Safety Guidelines

A
  • Never pipette by mouth
  • Do not apply make-up in work areas
  • Do not manipulate contact lenses in work area
  • Always pour acid into the water, NEVER the reverse
  • Wash hands often, after removal of gloves
  • If you arent sure, ask. Treat as a hazard
  • Discard out of date chemicals.

Microtechniques (10 decks)

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