Safety and Protection

Question 1

Gown

Answer 1

• hold gown firmly away from the sterile field
• shake gown open so it unfolds and keep hands above waist level
• Touch only the inside of the gown as you place both arms into the sleeves
• stop when hands reach the sleeve cuff
• the gown is tied in the back

Question 2

sterile gloves

Answer 2

• use the gown’s sleeve cuffs as mittens and open the glove pack
• the sterile glove has a fold at the wrist where the inside of the glove is not sterile
• grasp the right glove with the left hand and pull it on over the open end of the gown sleeve
• the first three fingers of the right hand should reach under the fold and hold the glove while the left hand positions inside the glove
• once both gloves are donned the left glove can unfold the right glove’s cuff

Question 3

Cap and Mask

Answer 3

• wash hands
• avoid contact with the hair while applying the cap
• all hair must be contained within the cap
• apply a mask, if necessary by first positioning the mask over the bridge of the nose
• the mask should fit securely over the nose and mouth
• scratch the upper ties behind the head and the lower ties behind the neck

Question 4

Principles of body mechanics

Answer 4

• use the shortest lever arm possible
• stay close to the pt when possible
• use larger muscles to perform heavy work
• Maintain a wide BOS
• Avoid any rotary movement when lifting
• attempt to maintain your COG and the pt’s COG within the BOS

Question 5

lifting Guidelines

Answer 5

• always attempt to increase your BOS
• Maintain a proper lumbar curve as you lift
• pivot your feet when lifting; do not twist your back to turn
• maintain a slow and consistent speed while lifting
• only lift an object as a last resort

Question 6

Deep Squat lift

Answer 6

• begin with the hips below the level of the knees
• assume a wide BOS
• straddle the object
• Grasp the object from each side or from beneath
• the trunk should remain vertical
• maintain a lumbar lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt

Question 7

Half-kneeling lift

Answer 7

• begin in a half-kneel position
• the bottom leg should be positioned behind and to the side of the object
• maintain a normal lumbar lordosis
• lift the object onto the knee and draw it closer to the trunk
• continue the lift by holding the object close as you assume a standing position

Question 8

One leg stance lift

Answer 8

• used for lifting light objects that can be lifted with one extremity
• face the object in a lunge position
• shift weight onto the forward extremity
• flex the forward extremity and lower to reach the object
• the hind leg rises off the ground to counterbalance the shift in weight
• maintain a neutral spine throughout the lift

Question 9

Power lift

Answer 9

• begin with the hips above the level of the knees
• assume a wide BOS behind the object with the feet parallel to each other
• grasp the object from each side or from underneath
• the trunk should remain in a vertical position
• maintain a lumbar lordosis and anterior tilt

Question 10

traditional lift

Answer 10

• begin with the LE in a full squat facing the object
• the feet are positioned in an anterior-posterior manner on each side of the object
• grasp the object and flex the UE to initiate the lift
• use B LE to provide the work of the lift
• keep the object close to the trunk during the lift
• maintain normal lumbar lordosis
• do not lift with the back

Question 11

Pushing or pulling an object

Answer 11

• use a semi-squat position to push or pull
• apply the force parallel to the surface that the object should be moved upon
• exert an initial force that is adequate to overcome the counterforce of inertia and friction
• attempt to push, pull , slide or roll he object prior to lifting or carrying an object

Question 12

asepsis

Answer 12

the elimination of the microorganisms that cause infection and the creation of a sterile field

Question 13

contamination

Answer 13

• a term used to describe an area, surface or item coming in contact with something that is not sterile
• contamination assumes an environment that contains microorganisms

Question 14

hand washing

Answer 14

• hand washing is an important technique for sepsis
• hands should be washed with warm water and soap after jewelry has been removed
• washing should occur for a minimum of 30 sec
• rinse thoroughly an use a paper towel to turn off water

Question 15

medical asepsis

Answer 15

• a technique that attempts to contain pathogens to a specific area, object or person
• a primary goal is to reduce the spresad of pathogens
  EX: A pt with TB is hospitalized and kept in isolation

Question 16

Personal Protective equipment (PPE)

Answer 16

• Items that are worn and used as barriers to protect someone who is assisting a patient with a potentially infectious disease
• PPE includes gowns, lab coats, masks, gloves, goggles, spill kits and mouthpieces

Question 17

sterile field

Answer 17

• used to maintain surgical asepsis
• a sterile field is a designated area that is considered void of all contaminants and microorganisms
• there are standard and required protocols that must be followed in order to develop and maintain a sterile field

Question 18

surgical asepsis

Answer 18

• a state in which an area or object is without any microorganisms

Question 19

Airborne Precautions

Answer 19

• reduce the risk of airborne transmission of infectious agents through evaporated droplets in air or dust particles containing infectious agents
• Private room with monitored neg air pressure
• 6 to 12 air changes within the room per hour
• Room door should remain closed with Pt remaining within the room
• respiratory protection worn when entering the room
• Limit Pt’s transport outside of the room for only essential purposes; pt should wear a mask during transport
• Ex: measles, varicella, TB

Question 20

Droplet Precautions

Answer 20

• reduce the risk of droplet transmission of infectious agents through contact of the mucous membrane of the mouth and nose, contact with the conjunctivae, and through coughing, sneezing, talking or suctioning
• this transmission requires close contact, as the infectious agents do not suspend in the air and travel only three feet or less
• -private room
• may share a room with a pt that has an active infection of the same microorganism
• maintain at least 3 feet between the pt and any contact
• room door may remain open
• wear a mask when working within three feet of the pt
• limit the pt transport outside of the room for only essential purposes; pt should wear a mask during transport

Question 21

contact precautions

Answer 21

• reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents through direct or indirect contact
• direct contact involves skin-to-skin transmission; indirect contact involves a contaminated intermediate object, usually within the pt’s environment
• private room
• may share a room with a pt that has an active infection of the same microorganism
• use of gloves when entering the room
• change of gloves after direct contact with infectious material
• take gloves off prior to leaving the room and perform proper hand washing
• wear a gown if you will have substantial close contact with the pt and remove the gown prior to leaving the room
• limit pt’s transport outside of the room for essential purposes only
• dedicate non-critical pt care equipment to one pt, do not share between pt or disinfect properly prior to using the equipment again