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ARRT > Safety > Flashcards

Safety Flashcards

1
Q

How does increasing mAs affect exposure of xray beam?
A. Increase exposure
B. Decrease exposure
C. No change in exposure

A

A

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2
Q

How does increasing kVp affect absorbed dose to patient?
A. Increase dose
B. Decrease dose
C. No change in dose

A

A

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3
Q

Assuming all other factors remain constant, when distance bw xray source and radiographer increases, the ____ dose to radiographer will ____
A. Effective, increase
B. Effective, decrease
C. Absorbed, decrease
D. Absorbed, increase
E. Equivalent, decrease

A

B

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4
Q

Which of the following is a quantity of radiation in tissue (select 3)
A. Effective dose
B. Exposure
C. Equivalent dose
D. Absorbed dose
E. Air kerma

A

A,c,d

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5
Q

Which of the following measures ionization produced in air?
A. Effective dose
B. Absorbed dose
C. Equivalent dose
D. Exposure
E. Air kerma

A

D

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6
Q

Which of the following radiation measurements are used to quantify risk of longterm radiation injuries, such as cancer?

A. Effective dose
B. Absorbed dose
C. Equivalent dose
D. Exposure
E. Air kerma

A

A

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7
Q

Radiation escapes the protective housing of xray tube is known as
A. Scatter
B. Leakage
C. Primary radiation
D. Attenuation

A

B

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8
Q

Which of the following considered primary radiation?
A. Radiation produced within patient
B. Radiation scatter from interactions within pt
C. Radiation escapes the protective housing
D. Radiation that exits in the tube housing

A

D

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9
Q

Effective dose is a measurement that can be used to evaluate risks of:
A. Short term effects
B. Long term effects
C. Does not measure short or long term effects

A

B

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10
Q

Radiation workers should try to keep their occupational dose to a minimum. Which of the following adjustments would decrease absorbed dose to pt?
A. Decrease distance from source
B. Increase distance from source
C. Distance has no effect on absorbed dose

A

B

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11
Q

When measuring the intensity of the primary beam, what dosimeter position will demonstrate the highest air kerma?
A. 80 cm from xray tube
B. 100cm from xray tube
C. 120cm from xray tube
D. Dosi position does not affect air kerma

A

A

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12
Q

The primary by product of xray interaction in air is
A. Visible light
B. Free electrons
C. Thermal energy
D. Radioactivity

A

B

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13
Q

What is the process thru which xray create charged particles such as free e
A. Pair production
B. Induction
C. Annihilation
D. Ionization

A

D

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14
Q

Exposure is a radiation measurement used to quantify which of the following
A. Radiation energy deposited in tissue
B. KE absorbed by ions in air
C. Speed of radiation in air
D. Absolute number of ionization events in air

A

D

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15
Q

Which of the following best describes radiation exposure?
A. Quantity of radiation directed at pt
B. Quantity of radiation absorbed in pt
C. Quantity of radiation passing thru pt
D. Quantity of radiation energy absorbed in air

A

A

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16
Q

Air KERMA is a radiation measurement that describes the:
A. Radiation energy deposited in tissue
B. Absolute number of ionization events in air
C. KE absorbed by ions in air
D. Speed of radiation in air

A

C

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17
Q

What units are used to measure exposure?
A. Gray
B. Sv
C. C/kg
D. Bq

A

C

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18
Q

Which units are used to measure absorbed dose of radiation

A. Gray
B. Sv
C. C/kg
D. Bq

A

A

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19
Q

Which units are used to measure effective dose

A. Gray
B. Sv
C. C/kg
D. Bq

A

B

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20
Q

Which units are used to measure radioactivity?

A. Gray
B. Sv
C. C/kg
D. Bq

A

D

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21
Q

Which two of the following technical changes will decrease air kerma measured in primary beam? (Select 2)
A. Decrease mA
B. Decrease kVp
C. Decrease distance
D. Increase beam energy

A

A & B

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22
Q

Which 2 events results in radiation energy being absorbed in jn body during radiographic procedure?
A. Transmission
B.compton
C. Photoelectric effect
D. Classical scattering

A

B & C

23
Q

Absorbed dose is used to describe:

A.Quantity of radiation directed at pt
B. Quantity of radiation absorbed in pt
C. Quantity of radiation passing thru pt
D. Quantity of radiation energy absorbed in air

A

B

24
Q

How is absorbed dose calculated?
A. J/kg
B. C/kg
C. D x Wr
D. D x Wr x Wt

A

A

25
Q

How is equivalent dose calculated
A. J/kg
B. C/kg
C. D x Wr
D. D x Wr x Wt

A

C

26
Q

How is effective dose calculated
A. J/kg
B. C/kg
C. D x Wr
D. D x Wr x Wt

A

D

27
Q

Unit Gray (Gy) is equal to:
A. C/kg
B. J/kg

A

B

28
Q

Which radiation injuries are evaluated using absorbed dose? ( select 3)
A. Hair loss
B. Cancer
C. Skin erythema
D. Diminished sperm count

A

A, C, D

29
Q

What tissue type experience highest absorbed dose during radiographic exposure?
A. Air
B. Muscle
C. Fat
D. Bone

A

D

30
Q

An individual thyroid absorbs 0.1J of energy from radiology procedure. The thyroid has mass of 0.003kg. What is absorbed dose to thyroid?
A. 0.003 Gy
B. 0.03 Gy
C. 3.3 Gy

A

C

31
Q

A series of exposures result in a pt’s skin absorbing 2.0J of energy. The exposed area of skin has a mass of 0.5kg. What is absorbed dose to skin
A. 0.25 Gy
B. 0.25 Sv
C. 4 Sv
D. 4 Gy

A

D

32
Q

Consider 2 people both received an absorbed dose of 10 mGy. One person received that dose from alpha particles, the other received dose from gamma rays. Which dose caused most biological harm?
A. Dose from alpha particles
B. Dose from beta particles
C. Both doses will cause an equal amount of biological harm.

A

A

33
Q

rank the weighing factor of the following radiation types from least to most

A

XR - gamma - beta - proton - neutron - alpha

34
Q

what is the purpose of equivalent dose?

A

compare biological damages from different radiation types

35
Q

what is LET

A

linear energy transfer - the rate at which radiation deposits energy in matter

36
Q

increase in LET = ___ harm

A

more

37
Q

which of the following radiation types has highest LET
a. beta
b. alpha
c. ultraviolet
d. gamma

A

B

38
Q

the primary difference between absorbed dose and equivalent dose is that the equivalent dose takes into account the:
A. tissue type
b. exposure rate
c. person’s age
d. radiation type

A

D

39
Q

Radiation worker inhales a large volume of alpha-emitting radon gas (Wr = 20), resulting in an absorbed dose of 1.02 Gy to lungs. What is the equivalent dose?
a. 20.4 Sv
b. 1.02 Gy
c. 20.4 Gy
d. 1.02 mGy

A

A

40
Q

A nuclear medicine technologist received an absorbed dose of 1.8 mGy. Assume that 1.0 mGY came from beta radiation (Wr=1), and the remainder came from alpha particles (Wr=20). what is their equivalent dose?
a. 1.8 mSv
b. 1.8 mGy
c. 17 mSv
d. 17 mGy

A

C

41
Q

increase LET = _____ RBE

A

increase

42
Q

what 2 factors are indication that the radiation type causes increased biological harm?

A

RBE & LET

43
Q

what radiation weighting factor is assigned to radiation with large RBE?
a. high Wr
b. low Wr
c. Wr is not influenced by RBE

A

A

44
Q

Equivalent dose is measured in units of
a. C/kg
b. Gy
c. Sv
d. Bq

A

C

45
Q

Effective dose is calculated as :
a. C/kg
b. J/kg
c. D x Wr
d. D x Wr x Wt

A

D

46
Q

What variables must be known to calculate the effective dose for a patient or occupational worker (select 3)
a. absorbed dose
b. dose rate
c. exposed tissue types
d. radiation type

A

A C D

47
Q

which of the following body tissues is most likely to develop cancer from exposure to equal doses of ionizing radiation ?
a. breasts
b. skin
c. lungs
d. bone marrow

A

D

48
Q

The main purpose of effective dose is to project the risk of biological harm based on what factor?
a. patient age
b. patient gender
c. exposed tissue
d. exposed rate

A

C

49
Q

a patient received absorbed dose of 10 mGy to their lungs from xrays. assuming that lungs have tissue-weitghting factor of 0.12. what is EfD?
a. 1.0 mGy
b. 1.0 mSv
c. 1.2 mSv
d. 1.2 mGy

A

C

50
Q

A patient received a thyroid ablation treatment using IV injected radionuclide. Assume that absorbed dose to thyroid is 0.59 Gy. The thyroid has a tissue-weighting factor of 0.04 and the emitted radiation has a radiation weighting factor of 1.0. What is the EfD?
a. 0.0236 Sv
b. 0.0236 Gy
c. 14.76 Sv
d. 14.76 Gy

A

A

51
Q

The effective dose is measured in units of:
a. C/kg
b. Gy
c. Sv
d. Bq

A

C

52
Q

The risk of radiation-induced stochastic effects is reduced by adherence to which of the following dose limits?
a. EqD limits to skin and extremities
b. EqD limits to whole body
c. D limits to skin and extremities
d. EqD limits to the whole body

*absorbed dose (D)
*equivalent dose (EqD)

A

B

53
Q

which of the following body tissues is most likely to develop cancer from exposure to equal doses of ionizing radiation?
a. Bone marrow
b. spinal cord
c. adrenal glands
d. small bowel

A

A

ARRT (7 decks)

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