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Safe Working Practices And Current Legislation Relating To Genetic Manipulation > Safe Working Practices > Flashcards

Safe Working Practices Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need safe working practices?

A

To reduce contact with sources of infection
To avoid transmission of infection
To reduce contact with sources of harmful chemical and radiation

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2
Q

What are the Routes of transmission of microbes?

A

Ingestion: eating, drinking, smoking in lab
Transfer of microorganisms via contaminated finger to mouth

Skin (percutaneous): skin puncture by sharps/needle
Bites and scratches by an animal
Pre-existing cuts and scratches

Conjunctiva: splashes of infectious material into the eye
Transfer to eye via contaminated finger

Inhalation of airbourne hazards e.g. aerosols

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3
Q

What do we class as microorganisms?

A 
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Viruses
Prions
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4
Q

Aseptic techniques should be used when handling microorganisms because?

A

To prevent contamination of laboratory or workers by the organism being handled

To prevent contamination of the organism from the environment or the handler

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5
Q

List aseptic techniques

A 
No mouth pipetting
No eating, drinking, smoking in lab
Wear lab coats and safety glasses
Clean up spillages
Label all specimens
Sterilise loops in Bunsen burner flame
Wash hands before leaving lab
No open toed shoes
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6
Q

Aseptic techniques include:

A 
Avoid creation of aerosols 
Don’t blow material from pipette
Don’t shake cultures too vigorously 
Don’t expose culture to air for too long
When centrifuging tube, should be we’ll sealed
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7
Q

Which government bodies control the legislation for control of handling of microorganism

A

Health and safety executive (HSE) (act 1974)
Advisory committee on dangerous pathogens (ACDP)
The national counter terrorism security office (NaCTSO)
Control of substance hazardous to health (COSHH)
Genetic modified organism (GMO)

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8
Q

Who’s job is it to be safe in the laboratory?

A

The employer: must provide safety training and equipment

Biological safety office (BSO): who sits on safety committee:

  • hazard advice on microbiological safety
  • hazard groups that can be safely worked with
  • containment
  • disinfection
  • safe disposal of waste material

The employee- legalobligation

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9
Q

What are the Hazard groups?

A

Hazard group 1 —> containment level 1
Hazard group 2 —> containment level 2
Hazard group 3 —> containment level 3
Hazard group 4 —> containment level 4

They all match with their containment level

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10
Q

Hazard group 1

A

Lowest level of contaminate

A biological agent that is unlikely to cause disease in young adults

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11
Q

Hazard group 2

A

A biological agent that may cause infection and may be hazardous to lab personnel
Unlikely to spread to community
Lab exposure rarely leads to infection
Effective prophylaxis/treatment available
Used in a restricted laboratory

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12
Q

Examples of hazard group 2 microbes

A

Bacteria: E.Coli,
methicillin resistant-
staphylococcus aureus,
clostridium tetani (tetanus)

Fungi- Candida albicans (thrush)
Aspergillus sp. (lung disease)

Parasite- toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis)
                 Schistosomes mansoni (schistosomiesis)
Virus- Epstein-Barr virus (glandular fever)
                          Measles virus
                          Mumps 
                          Polio 
                          BCG
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13
Q

Hazard group 3

A 
A biological agent that may cause severe disease and prevents serious hazard to lab workers
May spread to community
Readily available prophylaxis/ treatment
Should be handled in I/III cabinet
Restricted access to lab
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14
Q

Example of hazard group 3 microbes

A

Bacteria: bacillus anthrasis (anthrax)
Tubercolosis

Fungi: histoplasmosis

Parasite: toxoplasmosis

Viruses: HIV
Rabies
Hepatitis

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15
Q

Hazard group 4

A 
A biological agent that causes severe disease and serious hazard to lab workers 
Danger of spread to community
No available prophylaxis/treatment 
Should be handled in class III cabinet
Highly restricted access to laboratory
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16
Q

Examples of hazard group 4 microbes

A

Only consist of viruses

Lassa fever
Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
Ebola
Herpes

17
Q

Category 4 lab

A 
Only viruses belong to HG4
10 category 4 labs in the UK
high restrictive access to the lab
Workers never come in direct contact with the pathogen
Workers must wear biohazard suits
18
Q

Containment level 1

A

Containment level 1:

No Restricted access
No cabinet
No airlock 
No shower
Yes wash Basin
No autoclaving of waste
19
Q

Containment level 2

A 
Restricted access- yes
Cabinet- I
Airlock- no
Shower- no
Wash basin- yes
Autoclaving of waste- yes
20
Q

Containment level 3

A 
Restricted access- yes
Cabinet- I/III
airlock- yes/no
Shower- no
Wash basin- yes
Autoclaving is waste- yes
21
Q

Containment level 4

A 
Restricted access- yes (high)
Cabinet- III
airlock- yes
Shower- yes
Wash basin- yes
Autoclaving is waste- yes
22
Q

Microbiological safety cabinets (MSC)

A

Required for work at level 2/3 if the work presents a risk of aerosol exposure

The MSC must be correctly selected, installed, used, maintained

There’s an MSC class I, II, III

23
Q

Movement of microbes

A

The movement of microbes has been tightly regulated since 2000
Regulated by several agencies:
- department of transport (transport of infectious substance, 2006)
-ACDP
-NaCTSO
-HSE

Hazard group 3/4 can’t be sent through post
Must be escorted by police and by an expert that’s used to handling the pathogen
Group 4 microbes need government approval before movement

24
Q

To move a microbe, the specimen must be stored in

A

A double container
Metal/ plastic container with screw top
Labelled clearly with biohazard warning

25
Q

Genetic modification organism (GMO)

A

The genetic makeup of a microorganism can change naturally (antibiotic resistance) or intentionally (in the lab)

It’s necessary to upgrade their hazard group

This is regulated by several agencies

26
Q

Agencies that regulate GMO

A

SACGM (guidance from the scientific advisory committee on genetic modification)

HSE
ADCP
DEFRA (department for environment, food, rural affairs)
SSREAD (Scottish executive environment and rural affairs department)

27
Q

Within the lab, GMO is regulated by:

A

GM committee and BSO

subject to all the same regulations that affect non- GMO labs
Subject to a higher level of monitoring
E.g health surveillance of employees to detect ill health and adverse reactions to prevent further exposure
Choose the less hazardous microbe to manipulate

28
Q

What should GM assessment consider the potential impact to?

A

Human health
Animal health
The environment

GM risk assessment should be reviewed regularly and up dated when new knowledge comes out

The risk assessments must be kept for 10 YEARS after the work has ended

Safe Working Practices And Current Legislation Relating To Genetic Manipulation (1 decks)

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