SAD exam prep

Question 1

What is modularity in software design?

Answer 1

Modularity separates a program’s functionality into independent, interchangeable modules.

Question 2

What does encapsulation mean in the context of modularity?

Answer 2

Encapsulation hides the internal workings of a component, showing only necessary parts through an interface.

Question 3

What is strong cohesion in software design?

Answer 3

Strong cohesion groups related program constructs together, simplifying development and maintenance.

Question 4

What does low coupling mean in modularity?

Answer 4

Low coupling minimizes dependencies between modules, making the system easier to understand and maintain.

Question 5

How do encapsulation and cohesion aid in modularity?

Answer 5

They allow units to be read, understood, and changed independently, reducing complexity.

Question 6

What are the benefits of modularity in software engineering?

Answer 6

Modularity reduces complexity, allows parallel work, and enhances system understandability and reusability.

Question 7

What are the purposes of the Analysis discipline in software development?

Answer 7

Understanding user needs, building a system model, and setting a strong foundation for the design phase.

Question 8

What is the difference between a model and a diagram in software design?

Answer 8

A model represents a system’s abstract view, while a diagram is a visual representation of a model.

Question 9

How do models help in designing software systems?

Answer 9

Models clarify system functionality and serve as a blueprint for construction.

Question 10

What is the concept of layering in software design?

Answer 10

Layering divides software into separate functional parts, enhancing flexibility and maintainability.

Question 11

What is a bidirectional association?

Answer 11

A relationship where objects at both ends can send messages to the other.

Question 12

What is a unidirectional association?

Answer 12

A relationship where an object at one end can send messages to the object at the other, but not vice versa.

Question 13

What is the difference between aggregation and composition?

Answer 13

Aggregation implies a whole-part relationship without ownership, while composition implies ownership.

Question 14

What is an enumeration in programming?

Answer 14

Enumeration is a special data type allowing a variable to have one of a predefined set of values (constants).

Question 15

What are abstract classes and generalization in programming?

Answer 15

Abstract classes define a common interface. Generalization creates a hierarchical relationship between classes.

Question 16

Why is modularity important in software design?

Answer 16

Modularity improves readability, hides complexity, enhances maintainability, promotes reusability, and supports variability.

Question 17

How does modularity improve software readability?

Answer 17

Modularity uses divide and conquer, making the software easier to read and understand.

Question 18

How does modularity hide complexity in software design?

Answer 18

Modularity hides complexity behind interfaces, a principle known as information hiding.

Question 19

How does modularity improve maintainability of software?

Answer 19

Modularity confines changes locally, making the software easier to maintain.

Question 20

How does modularity contribute to software reusability?

Answer 20

Parts of the software can be reused in different contexts, promoting reusability.

Question 21

How does modularity support variability in software design?

Answer 21

Modules can be composed in different ways for new contexts, supporting variability.

Question 22

What is a design pattern in software development?

Answer 22

Design patterns codify design decisions and best practices for solving recurring software problems. They are templates recognized and adapted for specific uses.

Question 23

What principles do design patterns promote?

Answer 23

Design patterns promote principles such as modularity and abstraction.

Question 24

What is a Creational design pattern? Give examples.

Answer 24

Creational patterns deal with the creation, composition, and representation of objects. Examples: Abstract Factory, Factory Method.

Question 25

What is a Structural design pattern? Give examples.

Answer 25

Structural patterns organize objects to build a larger structure. Examples: Adapter, Composite.

Question 26

What is a Behavioral design pattern? Give examples.

Answer 26

Behavioral patterns deal with communication and assignment of responsibilities between objects. Examples: Chain of Responsibility, Command.