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OS II > Sacrum > Flashcards

Sacrum Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the pelvis?

A

It’s made up of three bones, 2 innominates and 1 sacrum.

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2
Q

What is it meant by lumbarization of the sacrum?

A

When S1 and S2 do NOT fuse.

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3
Q

IN what plane does the sacrum lie?

A

In the oblique plane, running anterior to posterior, superior to inferior.

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4
Q

The medial row/crest of the sacrum is fusion of _.

A

Fusion of sacral articular processes

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5
Q

The lateral rows/crest are fusion of _

A

fusion of sacral transverse processes.

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6
Q

The lateral rows inferiorly end in a curve called _

A

inferolateral angle (ILA)

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7
Q

What is sacral hiatus?

A

defect near the apex, where the lamina failed to close.

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8
Q

If you wanted to perform sacral epidural nerve block, where would you do it?

A

At the sacral hiatus.

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9
Q

What is ganglion impar?

A

Where right and left sympathetic chains join, rests on anterior aspects of the coccyx.

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10
Q

What are the 3 true pelvic ligament that which joins the innominate to the sacrum?

A
  1. Anterior sacroiliac ligament
  2. Interosseous sacroliliac ligament
  3. Posterior sacroiliac ligament
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11
Q

What are the 3 accessory pelvic ligaments?

A
  1. Sacrotuberous ligament
  2. sacropsinous ligament
  3. Iliolumbar ligaments
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12
Q

Which ligament attaches the medial sacral crests to the iliac tuberosities?

A

Interosseous sacroiliac ligament

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13
Q

Which ligament attaches from 3rd sacral segment to the preauricular surface of ilium?

A

Anterior sacroiliac ligament

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14
Q

Which ligament connects the PSIS to 3rd and 4th sacral segments and has close anatomical relationship with the erector spinae muscles.

A

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

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15
Q

Which ligament attaches sacrum to the ischial tuberosity and serves as the attachment for gluteus max and tendon of biceps femoris?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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16
Q

Which two ligament cross over one another to create the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments.

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17
Q

The iliolumbar ligament attaches from_ to _

A

4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae to iliac crests

18
Q

The main function of the iliolumbar ligament is

A

To stabilize posterior motion, restricting anterior motion of L4/L5

19
Q

What are some of the primary intrinsic muscle of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani group (pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococygeus) and cocygeous mm.

20
Q

What are some secondary muscles considered to have partial attachment to the true pelvis.

A
  • rectus abdominis
  • transverssus abdominis
  • internal and external oblique
  • quadratus lumborum
  • muscles of post, ant and medial compartment of LE.
  • Erector spinae group
  • Multifidus.
21
Q

What are the cranial dural attachments?

A

Foramen magnum, C1, C2

22
Q

What is the sacral dural attachment?

A

Anterior aspect of S2

23
Q

Holding an object by pressure on the sides is referred to as _

A

force closures

24
Q

What contributes to the force closure?

A

Muscles, ligmanets, and fascia surrounding th eSI joint

25
Q

Form closure is defined as

A

Stacking or the use of a roman arch as a self supporting structure. The sacrum act as the keystone of the arch, being wedged between the iliums.

26
Q

In relation to the sacral forces, the angles of the SI joint, wedges the sacrum in an _ direction with significant pelvic forces pushing _ direction. The significant dorsal SI ligaments help to counteract the major pelvic forces pushing posteriorly.

A

Anterior

Posterior.

27
Q

What are the different sacral axes?

A

3 transverse (superior (S1) , middle (S2) and Inferior (S3)
2 oblique from sacral sulci to opposite ILA.
1 verticle axis stright down the middle
1 anterior posterior axis)

28
Q

Which axis is considered to be the respiratory axis as well as nutation and counternutation from SBS flexion/extension?

A

Superior axis of transverse axes.

29
Q

The superior axis is located at the level of which articular process?

A

S2 at the attachment of the dura.

30
Q

Which sacral axis is considered the postural or sacroiliac axis for flexion/extension in sitting and standing?

A

middle (S2) axis. Located at the level of body of S2.

31
Q

Which axis if the iliosacral axis for rotation of the lium on the sacrum and located at the level of inferior pole of the lower sacral articulation.

A

Inferior (S3) axis.

32
Q

when we’re moving running, walking and etc, which axis is this motion happening on?

A

inferior axis of the transferse axis.

33
Q

match the sacral motions with the axis it takes place.

  1. Respiratory
  2. Postural
  3. Inherent
  4. Dynamic

Axis:

  1. superior transverse axis
  2. middle transverse axis
  3. oblique aixs
A 
Respiraotry = superior transverse
Postural = middle transverse 
inherent = superior transverse 
dynamic  = oblique
34
Q

In postural motion, with flexion/extension in what direction does the sacral base and apex move?

A

Flexion: Base moves anteriorly
Apex moves posteriorly

Extension: base moves posteriorly, apex moves anteriorly

35
Q

What is the sphenobasicilar joint?

A

AKA synchondrosis/symphysis. It is where the two cranial bones come together and is the main hinge around which cranial motion occurs.

36
Q

How is motion from the SBS transferred to the sacrum?

A

Motion is transferred from the SBS to the sacrum through the dural attachments.

37
Q

During craniosacral flexion, in what direction do the sacral base and apex move?

A

the sacral base moves posteriorly and apex moves anteriorly.

38
Q

During crainosacral extension in what direction do the sacral base and apex move?

A

Base moves anteriorly, and apex moves posteriorly

39
Q

Craniosacral extension is another word for what common/acceptable term which means nodding forward.

A

Nutation

40
Q

Craniosacral flexion is another term for what common term?

A

Counternutation

41
Q

Dynamic motion occurs when we’re walking. What axis is dynamic motion taking place?

A

oblique axis.

42
Q

In dynamic motion, what is the direction of motion for the sacral base on side vs. the other side?

A

Sacral base moves forward on one side, then the other side.

OS II (2 decks)

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