Sace Study Topics

Question 1

Orangutans and palm oil

Answer 1

• palm oil industry - devastating effect orangutans Sumatra and Borneo
• deforestation - loss of habitat
• eat palm oil seeds and die
• 98% Indonesian Forrest expected to be destroyed by 2022
• 55,000 - 60,000 orangutans in Borneo
• 5,000-10,000 killed each year
• Malaysia and Indonesia - biggest oil production

Question 2

Management strategies for orangutans effected by palm oil

Answer 2

• relocation and rehabilitation in safe areas

- products have stickers that notify buyers of orangutan friendly palm oil products

Question 3

Great pacific garbage patch

Answer 3

• located in North Pacific Ocean
• island of garbage
• ocean gyres (slow swirling ocean currents) move garbage from coasts of Asia and North America into the latch
• microplastics - large part (comes from industrial application,s, breakdown of plastic, synthetic fibres
• micro olastics enter food chain through animal consumption

Question 4

Indigenous perspectives

Answer 4

Fire stick farming

Question 5

Aral sea

Answer 5

-4tg largest lake
- Central Asia
- human induced change - shrinking size
- diversion of water for irrigation - decreased water levels
- irrigation ofcotton ans rice
- desertification
- loss of habitat and therefore biodiversity for fish and bird species
- prior to 1960- 70 mammal species, 319 bird species
- agricultural pollution
- salinity
Fishing industry destroyed (e,played 60,000 people)
- fish stocks depleted by 75% in 80’s
-spreading of saline soil
- poisoning crops
- threatening health of people, livestock and pets
- affected local climate - colder winter, hotter summer - harvesting season - shorter
- water intensive crops replaced by soya beans, grains, fruits and verges
- dyke - improved water volume and biodiversity

Question 6

Gulf of Mexico oil spill

Answer 6

Social effects
- mental health issues,
- stress - funancail stress
- loss of livelihood
- health problems
- breathing problems 
- 11 People died in clean up
Economic impacts
- fishing, tourism and hospitality impacted
- fishing and tourism worth $3.5-$4.5 bill per year lost
- $ 4 bill to clean up and 4.5 bill in  penalties
- $23 bill total lost in tourism  
Environmental
- biodiversity decreased
- oil seeped I to Environemts
- plants and animals died and were injured 
- salinity and ph levels impacted
- 40% methane Oil being carried - then realessd into atmosphere 
- 82,000 birds (102 species ) lost
- 6,165 turtles
- 25,900 Marine mammals killed / injured

Question 7

Canetaods In Kakadu Facts

Answer 7

• cane toads introduces into qld to control cane beetle pest
• need moisture
• lay 8000-30 000 eggs at a time
• highly poisonous
• predators die rapidly
• creeks, rivers and flood plains allow for dispersal of canetaods across Kakadu National Park

Question 8

Canetaods In Kakadu impacts

Answer 8

• • impact population and distribution of native species
• completion for food and shelter
• large goanna and northern quoll numbers decreased since arrival toads
• ## quoll numbers - 95% decrease with only 5 remaining isolated regional pop of them in northern aus

Question 9

Canetaods management

Answer 9

• few predators of toad
• wolf spider, fresh crayfish, crows and water rats hunt them
• eggs can be collected and disposed of but difficult to differentiate eggs from local species eggs
• fencing of ponds with mesh - protects local areas but wide scale management unsuccessful
• focus for management - protection of most vulnerable native habitats and species
• if continues bush tucker and food supply for indigenous people in northern aus effected
• could effect tourism
• help from indigenous peoples to manage