SACCM 88: Hospital-Associated Infections and Zoonoses Flashcards
What is the definition of a nosocomial infeciton?
hospital acquired infection
diagnosed > 48 hours after hospital admission (i.e., on or after the third hospital day without prior incubation)
List known pathogens to cause nosocomial infecitons in dogs and cats
- Serratia marcescens
- Salmonella spp.
- Clostridium perfringens
- Acinetobacter maumannii
- E. coli
- Clostridium difficile
List risk factors for nosocomial infections
- prolonged hospital stay
- mechanical ventilation
- indvelling devices
- severity of underlying illness
- patient factors (general health, immune status, respiratory, neurologic, fluid status)
- trauma (especially if open fractures and Abx use)
- Abx other than perioperatively
- surgical procedures
- anti-ulcer medications
What are the two types of enzymes produced by most MDR pathogens
EBLS - extended-spectrum beta-lactamases
plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes
What risk factors have been established for dogs becoming MDR E.coli carrier
- hospitalization for more than 6 days
- treatment with cephalosporins before admission
- cephalosporin treatment for less than 1 day
- treatment with metronidazole while hospitalized
What is the definition of zoonosis
disease/infection transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans
How do pathogens in hospitals mainly spread?
via the hands of personnel
What is the most common pathogen causing hospital-acquired urinary tract infections in dogs and cats?
E. coli
What is CRE?
carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
- emerging public health threat
- emerging in companion animal veterinary medicine
