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Biomolecules > Saccharides > Flashcards

Saccharides Flashcards

1
Q

general formula

A

CnH2nOn

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2
Q

functions of saccharides

A

metabolic energy source

structural component in cell wall and extracellular matrix

recognition sites on cell surface (adhesion + signaling)

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3
Q

monosaccharide

A

sugar which can’t be hydrolysed to give simpler sugar

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4
Q

oligosaccharide

A

carbohydrate composed of small number of monosaccharides (2-3)

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5
Q

polysaccharide

A

carbohydrate which consists of no. of sugars bonded together

range from linear to highly branched

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6
Q

aldose

A

sugar with aldehyde FG

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7
Q

ketose

A

sugar with ketone FG

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8
Q

cyclised 5-membered sugar ring

A

pentose/furanose

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9
Q

cyclised 6-membered sugar ring

A

hexose/pyranose

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10
Q

which is harder to reverse - acetals or hemi-acetals?

A

acetals

require specific enzymes or stronger reagents

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11
Q

glycosidic bond

A

C1 - OR bond

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12
Q

sugar acids

A

oxidation of aldehyde or primary alcohol

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13
Q

sugar alcohol

A

reduction of aldose or ketose

no cyclic structures due to lack of C=O

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14
Q

sorbitol

A

from glucose

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15
Q

mannitol

A

from mannose

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16
Q

alditol

A

class of acyclic polyol derived from aldose via reduction of C=O group

17
Q

amino sugars

A

1 or more -OH group replaced by amino group

18
Q

deoxysugars

A

contain 1 oxygen less than parent

19
Q

sugar phosphates

A

phosphate derivatives of monosaccharides

20
Q

glycoproteins

A

protein with short oligosaccharide attached

N (nitrogen) or O (oxygen) linked and then sugar attached

21
Q

glycation

A

uncontrolled addition of sugars to proteins

sugar reacts with amine to produce imine which can the tautomerize to form C=O

can now cyclise but ring size now different

22
Q

protecting 1,2 diols - why can’t you do direct rxn?

A

forces change in furanose structure, which leaves 1 OH group unprotected

same with D-galactose (C6 = unprotected) due to change to pyranose conformation

23
Q

soluble silver compound(s)

A

AgOTf

24
Q

insoluble silver compound(s)

A

Ag2CO3

AgO

25
Q

methylation use + process

A

determine structure of complex oligosaccharides / determine original sugars

  1. treat with MeI or (MeO)2SO2 to fully OMe all free OH groups
  2. break glycosidic bonds
  3. analyse with MS/NMR

Biomolecules (4 decks)

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