Sac revision

Question 1

Simple diffusion

Answer 1

a type of diffusion in which the molecule can pass directly through the lipid bilayer

Question 2

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 2

a type of diffusion in which a carrier or channel protein is needed because the molecule cannot pass the lipid bilayer directly

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

movement of water which occurs from a low concentration of solution to a high concentration of solution

Question 4

Active transport

Answer 4

movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Requires energy

Question 5

Bulk Transport

Answer 5

Bulk transport is the movement of large molecules, those that are too large for facilitated diffusion.

Question 6

Factors which affect diffusion across a membrane

Answer 6

size
tonicity
temperature
hydrophobic/hydrophilic
polarity

Question 7

Hypertonic

Answer 7

Higher solute, Lower water

decreased weight because water moves out of the cell

Question 8

Hypotonic

Answer 8

Lower solute, Higher water

increase in the weight of cell because water has moved in

Question 9

Isotonic

Answer 9

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Question 10

hydrophilic

Answer 10

Water loving

Question 11

passive transport

Answer 11

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Question 12

.

Answer 12

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Question 13

extracellular

Answer 13

outside the cell

Question 14

intracellular

Answer 14

within the cell

Question 15

solute

Answer 15

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Question 16

solution

Answer 16

mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed

Question 17

Function of the plasma membrane- Transport

Answer 17

A plasma membrane is permeable to specific molecules that a cell needs. Transport proteins in the cell membrane allow for selective passage of specific molecules from the external environment. Each transport protein is specific to a certain molecule

Question 18

Function of the plasma membrane- Communication

Answer 18

Your cell membrane plays an integral role in cellular communication because it holds the proteins, carbohydrates, and other molecules that are essential to cellular communication. These communications may come from signalling molecules sent by other cells, from cell-to-cell interactions, or from within the cell itself.

Question 19

Function of the plasma membrane- Retain contents

Answer 19

The cell membrane, therefore, has two functions: first, to be a barrier keeping the constituents of the cell in and unwanted substances out and, second, to be a gate allowing transport into the cell of essential nutrients and movement from the cell of waste products.

Question 20

Function of the plasma membrane- Surround organelles

Answer 20

provides protection for a cell, transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell.

Question 21

Phospholipids

Answer 21

Phospholipids are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic “head” containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic “tails” derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue. 0==

Question 22

Lipid bilayer

Answer 22

The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells. (plasma membrane)

Question 23

Carrier and channel proteins

Answer 23

Channel proteins are proteins that have the ability to form hydrophilic pores in cells’ membranes, transporting molecules down the concentration gradient. Carrier proteins are integral proteins that can transport substances across the membrane, both down and against the concentration gradient.

Question 24

Cholesterol

Answer 24

mainly functions to prevent the phospholipids from packing in too tightly and becoming stiff. Cholesterol is not present in plant cell membranes.

Question 25

transmembrane proteins

Answer 25

Transmembrane proteins span the entire plasma membrane

Question 26

carbohydrates

Answer 26

and often act as labels or identifying signals for other cells/molecules. These cellular markers are needed for communication with other cells, such as those from the nervous and immune systems.

Question 27

Aim

Answer 27

Overview of what is to be achieved or tested

Question 28

Hypothesis

Answer 28

If/Then/Because

if (independent variable) then (dependent variable) because (justification using knowledge)

Question 29

Independent variable

Answer 29

The manipulated variable

Question 30

Dependent variable

Answer 30

The variable measured

Question 31

Controlled variable

Answer 31

the variable that is not changed

Question 32

Graphing results

Answer 32

Tables

Question 33

conclusion

Answer 33

Support or disprove the hypothesis

Question 34

Concentration gradient

Answer 34

From a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 35

equilibrium

Answer 35

when the concentration is equal on both sides. molecules still move but the overall concentration on either side stays the same.

Question 36

diffusion

Answer 36

movement of molecules along a concentration gradient

diffusion continues until equilibrium is reached

Question 37

hydrophobic

Answer 37

water hating

Question 38

Molecules That Can Pass Through the Lipid Bilayer by Simple Diffusion

Answer 38

gasses, water, alcohol, lipids, steroid hormone and anything very small and hydrophobic

Question 39

Molecules That Can Pass Through the Lipid Bilayer by Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 39

glucose, anything larger and hydrophilic

Question 40

SA:V

Answer 40

surface area to volume ratio

Question 41

Exocytosis

Answer 41

the export of large molecules using vesicles (and atp)

Question 42

Endocytosis

Answer 42

the import of large molecules using vesicles (phagocytosis and pinocytosis)

Question 43

Phagocytosis

Answer 43

the import of large solid molecules using vesicles (type of endocytosis)

Question 44

Pinocytosis

Answer 44

is the import of liquids that are too large for diffusion (type of endocytosis)