sac 4 Flashcards
to learn (37 cards)
characteristics of low income countries: economic
- trade: limited range of industries, usually farming and primary production.
- extreme poverty: hugh levels of extreme poverty
- debt: low levels
characteristic middle income countries: economic
- trade: transition experiencing increasing trade opportunities and growing econimies.
- extreme poverty: high levels of extreme poverty
characteristics of high income countries: economic
- trade: wide range of industries: mining, processing, manufacturing, education, healthcare, scientific research and technology
- poverty: high incomes and low levels of poverty
- debt: high
characteristics of low income countries: enviromental
infastructure: lack the infrastructure, knowledge and production capabilities.
- safe water and sanitation: limited access in low income countries
- adequate housing: lack access tto adequate housing especially in urban slums
- carbon monoxide emissions: susceptible to impacts of climate change
characteristics of middle income countries: enviromental
infastructure: process of building infrastructure and developing trading links around the world.
- safe water and sanitation: availible to many middle income countries
- adequate housing: lack access to adequate housing especially in urban slums
- carbon monoxide emissions: susceptible to impacts of climate change
characteristics of high income countries: enviromental
infrastructure: roads, ports and airports enables global trade. well developed piped water. sewerage systems, electricity and telecommunitcation systems.
- safe water and sanitation: availible to high income countries.
- food security: have access to quality food
- adequate housing: access to gigh quality housing
- carbon monoxide emissions: tend to emit more Co2 per person
characteristics of low income countries: social
- gender equality: females do not have the same opportunities. (education and spend time collecting water, preparing meals and working fields)
- birth rates: high birth rates (limited contreception, carer choices, education, gender equality and culture)
- education and employment: poor education system and families need to pay for children to attend school.
- social security.
- health care system:lomited.
- access to technology: low.
- legal systems: unjust and diverse
middle income courites: social
- gender equality: more equal
- birth rates: high
- education and employment: greater education opportunities
- social security: generally no security
- health care system: lack
- access to technology: limited
- legal systems: some unjust
high income countries: social
- gender equality: high levels; both have equal opportunities
- birth rates: low
- education and employment: high
- social security: high, governments provide.
- healthcare system: access
- legal systems: strong and stable.
life expectancy of high middle and low income
high- 80.6yrs
middle- 70.6yrs
low- 61.3yrs
under 5 mortality rate:
worldwide 16000 children died before their 5th birthday everyyear and 5.9 million children died before their 5th birthday in a year (2015)
around 90% of these deaths occur in middle and low income countries
factors impacting U5MR
- nutrition health status of mother
- health and literacy of mothers
- levels of immunisation available
- income and food availibility
- availability of clean water and sanitation
- safety of childs enviroment
causes of U5MR
- malnutrition
- diarroea
- malaria
- HIV
- AIDS
- measles
- whooping cough
- tetanus
- TB
factors influencing maternal mortality
- adolescent mothers
- lack of birth attendants present
- lack of health care pre and post birth
- poor nutrition
- malaria and aids during pregnany
health status
an individuals or a populations overall health taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors
WHEN WE THINK OF HEALTH STATUS WE THINK OF: LIFE EXPECTANCY,
MORTALITY,
MORBIDITY,
BURDEN OF DISEASE
burden of disease
a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability, burden of disease is measured in DALY
impact of access to water on HAW: physical
increases the risk of diseases such as chloera. contributing to dehydration and malnutrition. collecting water can take several hours and is dangerous work, increasing the risk of injury and physical exhasustion
impact of access to water on HAW: social
reduces the amount of time and chance for woman and children to participate in their community and school. this impacts their ability to make friends and develop relashionships and strong communication skills in their school enviroment
impact of access to water on HAW: mental
may cause stress for woman who need to provide wtaer for their family
impact of access to water on HAW: spiritual
having to vollect water, and the impact of the unsafe water on the health status and health and wellebing can result in feelings of hopelessness and thought of ‘why me’ this can then lead to negative impacts on spiritual health and wellbeing
impacts of safe water on health status and burden of disease
- increases infant mortality rates through using dirty water in infant formula.
- increased spread of illness such as disrroeah, cholera, malaria and hook worm
- lower life expectancy results from high infant mortality due to water borne illness
- a lack of clean drinking water causes dehydration and under nutritionm
impacts of poverty on health and wellbeing: spiritual
living in poverty means that people do not have the means to meet their basic needs. not being able to provide for your family impacts spiritual health and well being due to feeling as though you are unable to make a difference or to break the poverty cycle. you can lose your spirit hope and purpose
impacts of poverty on health and wellbeing: physical
not being able to afford a stable, varied and nutritious food supply leads to malnutrition, impacting physical health and wellbeing. with the body unable to function efficiently your ability to perform daily tasks such as working or attending school is impacted reducing chances to earn an income
impacts of poverty on health and wellbeing: mental
may be impacted due to feelings of inadequacy and not being able to make decisions and think clearly. when ill and stressed, ones ability to think logically and process information is directly impacted
