SAC 2 Revision

Question 1

Biological factors

Question 2

Sociocultural factors

Answer 2

• Refer to aspects of society and the social environment (social and cultural)
• Social networks – family
• Peer and community infuence (social networks)
• SES (level of education, income, employment status)
• Overcrowding and homelessness
• Access to health Information

Question 3

Environmental factors

Answer 3

• Refers to the surroundings in which we live, work and play
• Air, water and sanitation quality
• Access to physical resources: transport, recreation facilities and (geographical location of) healthcare
• Workplace
• Natural disasters and climate change

Question 4

Difference in health between low and high socioeconomic groups

Question 5

BMI

Answer 5

weight/height^2

• Is a widely accepted approximate measurement of the total amount of fat of an individual

Question 6

Alcohol

Answer 6

• Affects functioning of the brain; slows down reaction time, judgement, impairs decision making process – increased risk of falls, injuries and drowings (LE)
• Provides excess kilojoules, increasing likelihood of obesity and high blood pressure – increased risk of hypertension and thereby cardiovascular disease (DALYs)
• Damages genetic material and cell functioning – increased risk of cancer (mortality)
• Depresses the nervous system and can alter brain chemicals – increased risk of mental health conditions like depression (morbidity).
• Alcohol in the bloodstream crosses the placenta and enters the baby’s bloodstream – increased risk of Foeetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, or FASD (morbidity).

Question 7

Dairy

Question 8

Environmental factors: living within and outside major cities

Answer 8

• Climate change is increasing the force and frequency of natural disasters.
  
  • ↑ infrastructure (i.e. houses) damage,
  • ↑ incidence of injury and death due to burns and smoke inhalation,
  • ↑ suicide rates due to stress,
  • ↓ availability of food (and thereby an increase in price).
• Access to physical resources: Poor-quality roads, a lack of road signage and road rules in very remote areas, as well as the need to drive long distances (fatigue) regularly contribute to higher rate of injuries.
  
  • Limitations in available health services and healthcare workers
  • Limited access to some recreational facilities such as parks and sporting ovals. Play outside of appropriate facilities can lead to an increase in injury rates.