SAC 1a - nervous system Flashcards
(28 cards)
1
Q
What is the central nervous system?
A
- comprised of the brain and spinal cord
- receives information from the peripheral nervous system
- processes and than responds
- enables communication between the brain and rest of body
2
Q
What is the brain?
A
- regulates and guide all other parts of the nervous system e.g. regulating vital bodily functions and receiving information from the out side world
- responsible for high order functions
- origin of emotions, personality and humour and others
3
Q
What is the spinal cord?
A
- nerve fibres
- passes sensory information via afferent tracks from peripheral nervous system to the brain
- passes motor information via efferent tracks from brain to the peripheral nervous system
- two direction highway, designed this way because it helps increase the speed of transmission
4
Q
What is the peripheral nervous system?
A
- comprised of everything outside of the central nervous system e.g. MOG
- carries information from sensory and internal organs to the central nervous system
- conveys information from the central nervous system to the MOG’s
- receives from sensory receptor sights, skin, sight, taste, hearing, internal muscles, organs and glands
- responds frim effector sights (muscles), movement, withdraw, pursue and pain
- two subdivisions: somatic and autonomic nervous system
5
Q
What is the somatic nervous system?
A
- is our conscious control
- e.g. im going to pick up that glass
- transmites information from receptor sites on the sense organs to the CNS
- carries information from the CNS to the muscles that control movement
6
Q
What is the autonomic nervous system?
A
- not consciously controlled
- e.g. breathing, digestion, sweating
- two divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic
- network of neutrons
- carries neural messages between the CNS and organs and glands
- system is about survival and maintaining regulation
- highly adaptable, can be done through bio feedback
- two subdivisions the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system
7
Q
What is biofeedback?
A
- process by which we can control our autonomic nervous system functions
- essentially learning some sort of technique e.g. mindfulness
8
Q
What us the sympathetic nervous system?
A
- activates the internal MOG’s to prepare the body for vigorous activity activity or fir a stressful or life threatening situation
- activates the fight flight freeze response
9
Q
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
A
- keeps the body functioning effectively
- counterbalances the sympathetic nervous system by returning the body to a state of calm once the stressor is no longer present
- maintains homeostasis in times of low stress
10
Q
What is a conscious response?
A
decisions made in our conscious awareness e.g. walking, talking (somatic nervous system functions)
11
Q
What is an unconscious response?
A
reactions that by pass the brain e.g. breathing, stomach contractions (autonomic nervous system functions)
12
Q
What is a spinal reflex?
A
- automatic response initiated by neutrons in the spinal cord instead of the brain
- known as inter neutrons
- whilst a spinal reflex is initiated sensory messages continue to the brain
13
Q
What is a interneuron?
A
communicates between the CNS and the PNS
14
Q
What is a motor neuron?
A
- transmites information from the brain to the body
- via efferent tracks
15
Q
What is a sensory neuron?
A
- transmits information from the body to the brain
- via afferent tracks
16
Q
What are the roles of efferent and afferent pathways?
A
- afferent tracks carry information from the body to the brain
- efferent tracks carry informations from the brain to the body
- designed as a two direction highway
- helps with the speed of transmission, all progressing the same speed of neural transmission
17
Q
What is a neurotransmitter interruption?
A
- occurs from an imbalance or deficiency in a particular type of neurotransmitter
- can occur from naturally occurring or self induced e.g. stress, genetics, drugs, diet
- side effects include mental health disorders, addiction, immobility and weight loss or gain
18
Q
How are neurotransmitter interruptions treated?
A
- can be treated through drugs and medication
- artificially replacing the lost neurotransmitters
- it does not help natural production, it can suppress it further
19
Q
Deficiency in serotonin
A
- serotonin is an neurotransmitter that involves stabilising mood
- without it individuals suffer emotional disturbances that can result in schizophrenia
20
Q
Deficiency in dopamine
A
- dopamine is a excitatory neuron involved in drive, motivation and motor movement
- transmission of impulses that. direct smooth and voluntary movement
- without it individuals can suffer from depression
21
Q
What is Parkinson’s disease?
A
- a progressive neuro degenerate disease, degeneration of the nervous system
characterised by chronic and progressive changes in the brain due to malfunction and deterioration to neutrons
22
Q
Motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
A
- tremors, shaking
- slowness of movement
- rigidity
- reduced coordination and balance
- difficulty initiating voluntary and spontaneous movement
23
Q
non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
A
psychological symptoms
- anxiety
- depression
- embarrassed
- slowness of thinking
- memory problems
social problems
- difficulties communicating
- social isolation due to feeling embarrassed
24
Q
What is the cause of Parkinson’s disease?
A
- cause is unknown but certain factors seem to play a role
- genes
- environmental triggers, being exposed to certain toxins or environmental factors
25
What part of the brain is damaged when Parkinson's disease occurs?
- malfunction and deterioration to neutrons in the substantia nigra
- the corpus stiatum
26
What is the function of the substantia nigra
- composed of nerve cells
| - produce and release dopamine
27
What part of the brain is damaged when Parkinson's disease damage? substantial nigra
- as neurons in the structure deteriorate, their ability to produce and release dopamine is impaired
- damaged dopamine producing neutrons gradually continue to generate less dopamine
- when damage continues symptoms appear
28
What part of the brain is damaged when Parkinson's disease damage? corpus stiatum
- also produces dopamine
- receives messages from the stubstantia nigra in order to produce purposeful muscle activity
- impaired in the case of Parkinson's disease
