SAC 1 Revision Flashcards
What is a Skill
The ability to do something well.
Fine Motor Skill
Recruitment of smaller muscle groups for activities that require precision.
Gross Motor Skills
Recruitment of large muscle groups for running, swimming etc.
Discrete Motor Skills
Clear beginning and end: Netball Pass.
Serial Motor Skills
Performed in a sequence, several skills in a row: Gymnastics Routine.
Continuous Motor Skills
No definite beginning or end: Running.
Closed Motor Skills
Performer has greatest control over the environment: Diving Routine.
Open Motor Skills
Performed in a less predictable environment, where conditions are frequently changing and performer has less control over the environment: Rugby.
Fundamental Movement Skills
Stability
Locomotor
Manipulative
Stability
Balance and control of body
Locomotor
Physical action that propels an individual from one place to another. Moving forward, backward, upward etc.
Manipulative
Manipulative skills involve moving or using an object with the hands or feet to achieve a goal or complete a task.
Three Stages of Learning
Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous
Cognitive Stage
Mentally trying to comprehend the movement requirements of the motor skill; what needs to be done.
Associative Stage
Beginning to refine technique/movement pattern. More consistent and making fewer errors.
Autonomous Stage
The skill is largely automatic, and the performer no longer consciously thinks about the skill. Meaning focus can be directed elsewhere.
Individual Constraints
- Height
- Weight
- Fitness
Environmental Constraints
- Weather
- Terrain
- Facilities
Task Constraints
- Field Size
- Rules
- Equipment
Kinetic
relating to or resulting from motion
Biomechanics
science that studies living things from a mechanical perspective
Quantitative Analysis
numerical data and is based on measurement
Qualitative Analysis
Verbal description of the quality of performance
Force
A push or pull (Mass x Acceleration)
Friction
Friction occurs when two surfaces come into contact with each other
Air and Water Resistance (Drag Force)
When a body or object moves through air or water it will experience a drag force.
Refined via technique and equipment.
As speed increases drag force increases
Inertia
An objects resistance to change its state of motion
Momentum
A measure of the amount of motion an object has and its resistance to changing that motion
To change momentum, force must be applied over a period of time.
Momentum= mass x velocity
Conservation of Momentum
Relates to the transfer of momentum during a collision
Impulse
When the direction of something is changed
Impulse= force x time
Newtons Laws of Motion
- Inertia
- Acceleration
- Action-Reaction
Newtons First Law
Inertia:
- A body will remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Newtons Second Law
Acceleration:
- A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion (acceleration) in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force.
Newtons Third Law
Action-Reaction:
- For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
First Law of Angular Motion
Angular momentum of a body remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque.
Second Law of Angular Motion
Torque applied to an object will produce a change in angular motion in the direction of the applied torque that is directly proportional to the size of the torque and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia on the object.
Third Law of Angular Motion
For every torque there is an equal and opposite torque.
Angular Momentum
Amount of angular motion an object or body has
=moment of inertia x angular velocity
Moment of Inertia
how hard or easy it is for the rotation to occur.
How close the mass of the object is from the axis of rotation.
eg. doing a somersault in a tuck position or straight body position
Angular Velocity
How fast the body or object is rotating.
As moment of inertia increases, angular velocity decreases, vice versa.
Conservation of Angular Momentum
When a body is rotating, angular momentum is always constant.
Linear Motion
Movement of a body along a straight line or curved path.
Rectilinear- straight line
Curvilinear- curved line
Distance
measures the path travelled from start to finish regardless of direction
Displacement
Measures the change in position
Velocity
Refers to the amount of displacement over a particular time
Velocity= Displacement/Time
Linear Acceleration
Change in velocity over a period of time
Change in Velocity/Change in Time
Angular Motion
Involves rotation around a central axis or a fixed point.
Angular Motion of the limbs results in linear motion of the whole body.
Angular Distance
Total distance covered during angular motion, it is measured in degrees.
Eg. A gymnast did 1 1/2 circles, their distance was 540 degrees.
Angular Displacement
Difference between the starting point and the finishing point of the angular motion.
Eg. Gymnast did 1 1/2 spins, the displacement was 180 degrees.
Angular Speed
Total degrees covered divided by time
Angular Velocity
Change of position divided by time
Angular Acceleration
How quickly a body or object changes its angular position: can be positive, negative or zero.
Projectile Motion
Object or body launched into the air is considered a projectile
Looks at the things that affect the flight path of a projectile.
Vertical Component is affected by GRAVITY
Horizontal Component is affected by DRAG FORCE
Equilibrium
No unbalanced forces or torques acting upon it, either motionless or moving with constant velocity.
Two types of Equilibrium:
- Static
- Dynamic
Static Equilibrium
Not moving or rotating, all forces and torque are zero
Dynamic Equilibrium
Moving with a constant velocity
Stability
Resistance to the disruption of equilibrium
Balance
Ability to control equilibrium
Factors Affecting Stability
- Base of Support
- Centre of Gravity
- Friction between Body/Surface
- Body Mass
Levers
The human body is a system of levers that allow movement to occur. All levers have three parts:
- axis
- resistance
- force
First-Class Levers
Resistance and force work on opposite sides of a joint axis.
Agonist muscle provides the applied force and the antagonist muscle provides the resistance.
Second-Class Levers
Not Many found in human body
Resistance is closer to the axis than the force, so the force arm is longer than the resistance arm.
eg. standing on tiptoes
Third-Class Levers
Most common type of lever in human body and sporting situations.
Resistance is generally at the end of the lever and further away from the axis than force being applied.
Mechanical Advantage of Anatomical Levers
Levers are simple machines that have a mechanical advantage:
a) application of small force to move a much greater distance
b) move one point of an object a small distance, causing another point of the same object to move a large distance
