sac 1 (intro and metalanguage) Flashcards
what are the 5 subsystems of language
semantics, discourse, syntax, morphology and lexicology, and phonetics and phonology.
phonetics & phonology
study of sounds. sound system of a language, the sounds a language speech makes.
morphology
structure of words. how words are formed, lets up group them in classes, how they change meaning for grammatical purposes
syntax
phrase, clause and sentence structure. how words are arranged to form different sentences.
discourse
sequence of language bigger than a sentence. concerned with the linguistic features of both written and spoken language
semantics
meaning of language. analyses sentences and words meaning and relation between them as well as how meaning can be changed
prosodic features
pitch, stress, volume, tempo, intonation
4 sentence functions
declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamative
declarative sentence & how to identify
aims to be informative or make a statement. SVO subject verb object/adverbial
interrogative sentence & types
asks questions. first type; yes no questions. second type; ‘wh’ questions
imperative sentence & how to identify
to give orders. begins with a verb. may have an exclamation
exclamative sentence
to express emotion. identified by being an exclamation and not only a question or a declarative sentence.
stress
putting emphasis on a specific syllable or word to change the meaning of the word or sentence
pitch
height of auditory tones, high or low. changes depending on the meaning or emotion we wish to express
intonation
pattern of pitch. the rythym and rising and falling of our pitch.
tempo
the speed or pace we speak at. indicates the emotion of sentences
volume
how loudly or quietly we speak. how we change the volume of our voice depending on the conversation
phonological patterns
alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia, rhythm, rhyme
2 morphemes. explain both
Free morpheme; words that can stand on their own, the independent or root word
bound morpheme; cannot stand independently, attached to bound morpheme, affixes
inflectional morpheme
do not change the meaning of word
derivation morpheme
changes the meaning of word
list affixes
suffix, prefix, infix, circumfix
clauses
clauses are units of words that contain a subject and a verb that can sometimes stand alone as a sentence.
sentence types
- compound sentences (two or more clause, joined with coordinating conjunction)
- complex sentence(contains a subordinate clause and independent clause, joined with subordinating conjunction)
lexicology
words in a language, vocabulary. meaning of words and how they interact with each other
coordinating conjunctions
connect clauses or sentences with equal importance to each other F - for A - and N - nor B - but O -or Y - yet S - so
main/independent clause
clause that can stand on its own as a sentence
subordinate/dependant clause
begins with subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun
subordinating conjunction
a conjunction that introduces a subordinating clause
language registers
formal
informal
neutral
phrase
a group of words with grammatical relation to each other that do not make a complete sentence. They do not have either a verb or a subject
denotation
definition of a word that would be found in the dictionary
connotation
idea or feeling a word invokes additional to its primal meaning
distinctive features of written language
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