Sac 1 How does the brain function?

Question 1

The Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Also known as CNS, processes and responds to info from the PNS. Brain and spinal cord are included.

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

Also known as PNS, a network of nerves. Is responsible for communication. Receives, processes and co-ordinates a response

Question 3

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 3

Also known as SNS, made up of sensory and motor neurons. Responsible for voluntary movements

Question 4

Motor Neurons

Answer 4

movement, takes info AWAY from CNS

Question 5

Sensory Neurons

Answer 5

sensations, takes info TO the CNS

Question 6

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 6

Also known as ANS, Responsible for involuntary actions. Takes place in internal organs and glands, for example your heart beat, breathing, blinking, circulation.

Question 7

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 7

Apart of your ANS, activated in times of stress, threat and danger. Triggers your tripple f response.

Question 8

What happens in your fight, flight or freeze response?

Answer 8

Increase in heart beat and breathing your pupils also dialte.

Question 9

Soma

Answer 9

The cell body, sends info from dendrites to axon

Question 10

Dendrite

Answer 10

Extension of a neuron that receives information from other neurons and transmits it to the soma.

Question 11

Axon

Answer 11

Transmits messages from the soma to the axon terminal

Question 12

Myelin Sheath

Answer 12

White fatty covering that helps insulate the axon. The thicker the myelin the faster the message.

Question 13

Axon Terminal

Answer 13

The end of the axon

Question 14

Terminal bud

Answer 14

Contains neurotransmitters

Question 15

Hind Brain

Answer 15

Lower level brain structures, controls vital autonomic responses such as breathing and heart rate, as well as sleep, dreams and arousal. Includes the cerebellum, medulla and pons.

Question 16

Mid Brain

Answer 16

Runs through the centre of the midbrain and the hindbrain. Responsible for sleep, motor movement and arousal. Includes reticular formation.

Question 17

Fore Brain

Answer 17

Largest and most prominent part of the brain. Located above the mid brain. Regulates complex cognitive processes, such as learning, memory and perception. Also various aspects of emotion and personality. Includes the hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebrum.

Question 18

Cerebullum

Answer 18

To coordinate body movement

eg- balance, muscle movement

Question 19

Medulla

Answer 19

Controls breathing, heart rate and digestion

Question 20

Pons

Answer 20

Controls eyes and body actions

eg- dreams, sleep, waking

Question 21

Reticular Formation

Answer 21

Responsible for sleep, motor movement and arousal/alertness

Question 22

Hypothalamus

Answer 22

Regulates body temperature, hunger and thirst

Question 23

Thalamus

Answer 23

Sends information to relevant areas in the brain for further information

Question 24

Cerebrum

Answer 24

Consists of the cerebral cortex, where neural information is processed and stored. Divided into left and right hemisphere.

Question 25

Name the four lobes

Answer 25

Temporal, Occipital, Frontal, Parietal

Question 26

Name the four cortex’s

Answer 26

Primary motor cortex, Primary somatosensory cortex, Primary visual cortex, Primary auditory cortex

Question 27

Temporal lobe

Answer 27

Hearing, language, visual recognition

Question 28

Occipital lobe

Answer 28

Vision

Question 29

Frontal lobe

Answer 29

Cognitive thinking, planning, social skills

Question 30

Parietal lobe

Answer 30

Touch

Question 31

Primary motor cortex

Answer 31

voluntary movement

Question 32

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 32

receives information from sense receptors in the skin.

Question 33

Primary visual cortex

Answer 33

receives visual information from the eyes

Question 34

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 34

sound information from ears

Question 35

Proliferation

Answer 35

When unborn babies cells become neurons

Question 36

Migration

Answer 36

Finding and forming new neureal pathways

Question 37

Proliferation

Answer 37

Cells dividing

Question 38

Migration

Answer 38

come back to this

Question 39

Circuit formation

Answer 39

Makes neural pathways

Question 40

Myelination

Answer 40

Makes neurons transmit faster, more efficient

Question 41

The role of the cerebral cortex

Answer 41

Enables us to carry out simple and complex tasks

Question 42

What is parkinsons disease?

Answer 42

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that occurs in people over the age of 65. It is when there is nerve cell damage in the brain, leading to the level of dopamine production to stop.

Question 43

What does parkinsons affect?

Answer 43

Parkisons disease affects movement in the body. Examples of this are things like stiffness, loss of balance and tremors.

Question 44

Treatment for parkinsons

Answer 44

Stem cell treatment
Gene therapy
Medication  (L-DOPA)
increases dopamine levels
Diet 
Deep brain stimulation

Question 45

What is spatial neglect?

Answer 45

Damage to the right parietal lobe caused by a stroke or injury. Results in the patient completely ignoring the left side of their world, including the left side of their body.

Question 46

Treatment for spatial neglect

Answer 46

Try to reteach the brain.