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Biology 1/2 > SAC 1 (cells and cell membrane) > Flashcards

SAC 1 (cells and cell membrane) Flashcards

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1
Q

cell theory

A
  • all living organisms are made up of cells
  • the cell is the most basic unit of life
  • all existing cells are produced by other living cells
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2
Q

cell membrane

A

controls what enters and exits the cell

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3
Q

cell wall (plant)

A

helps hold cell structure and protection

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4
Q

cytoplasm

A

jelly substance, that keeps everything suspended and held in place

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5
Q

ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

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6
Q

golgi apparatus

A

transport structure, used to transport protein out of the cell

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7
Q

rough er

A

aids proteins, folds and transports

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8
Q

smooth er

A

produces lipids

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9
Q

vacuole

A

stores water and nutrients

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10
Q

chloroplast (plant)

A

site of photosynthesis, absorbs energy from the sun

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

provides energy for the cell, breaks down sugars

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12
Q

nucleus

A

control centre of the cell, hold cell DNA/instructions

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13
Q

nucleolus

A

site where ribosomes are made

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14
Q

microtubules

A

hollow tubes made of proteins, which help strengthen the cell membrane and give it’s shape

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15
Q

cillia

A

hair like structure on animal cell that beat to move from on top of the cell

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16
Q

surface area to volume ratio

A
  • greater surface area and smaller volume, or high SA:V, can help a cell exchange materials efficiently with the environment
  • times all sides together (length x width x height)
17
Q

cell membrane structure

A
  • arranged as a bilayer
  • fatty acid tail - hydrophobic (water hating)
  • phosphate head - hydrophilic (water loving)
  • transport protein (allows molecules to move in and out of the cell)
  • channel protein (ions in and out)(anything with charge)
  • carrier protein (glucose)
  • cholesterol (makes the membrane more flexible and stronger)
  • carbohydrates
18
Q

diffusion

A
  • when molecules move from a high concentration to low concentration
  • diffusion occurs until equilibrium is reached
19
Q

simple diffusion

A

when molecules move directly across the bilayer (lipid soluble molecules) (small molecules/gasses)

20
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

diffusion that requires transport protein (channel or carrier protein)

21
Q

high and low concentration

A

the difference between high and low concentration is known as a concentration gradient

22
Q

permeability

A
  • ability of a molecules to move through a barrier
  • permeable - molecule can move through
  • impermeable - molecule cannot move through
23
Q

solute, solvent, solution

A

solute - molecules that dissolves
solvent - substance that the solute dissolves in
solution - dissolved solute in solvent

24
Q

osmosis (diffusion/movement of water)

A
  • passive (without energy)
  • along concentration gradient (high water to low water)
  • across a semi-permeable membrane
  • the movement of water from a low solute concentration to high solute concentration
25
Q

hypertonic

A
  • solution with high solute concentration
  • if solution is hypertonic the water moves out of the cell
  • in plant cell can cause plasmolysis
26
Q

hypotonic

A
  • solution with low solute concentration
  • if solution is hypotonic the water move into the cell
  • in a plant cell can cause turgor
27
Q

isotonic

A
  • solution with the same solute concentration
  • no overall water movement
28
Q

active transport

A
  • molecules (not water) move against the concentration gradient (low to high concentration)
  • needs energy in the form of ATP cellular energy
29
Q

endocytosis

A
  • type of active transport
  • plasma membrane folds around substance to transport it across the membrane into the cell
  • process: fold, trap, bud
30
Q

exocytosis

A
  • type of active transport
  • vesicles merge with the plasma membrane to transport materials from the cell
  • process: vesicular transport, fusion, release
31
Q

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

A

prokaryotic - bacteria - do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Circular DNA. Binary fusion
eukaryotic - plant and animal - Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes. Linear DNA.

32
Q

affect of temp on cell membrane and cholesterol

A
  • cholesterol influences the fluidity of the membrane
  • at high temperatures it decreases and at low temperatures it increases
  • acts to stabilise the cell membrane
  • hot - prevents phospholipids from separating
  • cold - prevents phospholipids from compacting
33
Q

green light transmission

A

plants appear green because they transmit more green light than they do blue or red

34
Q

villi function

A

increase absorptive surface area

Biology 1/2 (6 decks)

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