Sac 1

Question 0

Define determinants of health

Answer 0

Factors that raise or lower a level of health in a population or individual. Determinants of health help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better or worse health than other. (AIHW, 2006) Determinants can be classified in many ways such as biological, behavioural, physical environment and social.

Question 1

Define Years lost due to disability (YLD)

Answer 1

A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability.

Question 2

Define social determinants

Answer 2

Aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support.

Question 3

Define biological determinants

Answer 3

Factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

Question 4

Define behavioural determinants

Answer 4

Actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impact on health, such as smoking, sexual activity, participation in physical activity and eating practices.

Question 5

Define trend

Answer 5

A general change or movement in a particular direction. For example, trends indicate a significant increase in obesity rates over the past 20 years.

Question 6

Define mortality rate

Answer 6

The measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one year period (usually per 100,000)

Question 7

Define disability adjusted life year (DALY)

Answer 7

A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.

Question 8

Define life expectancy

Answer 8

An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change. (AIHW, 2008)

Question 9

Define incidence

Answer 9

The number or rate of new cases of a disease during a specified period of time (usually a twelve month period)

Question 10

Define years of life lost (YLL)

Answer 10

A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death

Question 11

Define the mental dimension of health

Answer 11

State of well-being in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. (WHO, 2009)

Question 12

Define under-five mortality rate (UM5R)

Answer 12

The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 lives births. (WHO, 2008)

Question 13

Define burden of disease

Answer 13

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries. Specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

Question 14

Define the social dimension of health

Answer 14

Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.

Question 15

Define prevalence

Answer 15

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time. (AIHW, 2008)

Question 16

Define morbidity

Answer 16

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group. (AIHW, 2008)

Question 17

Define the physical dimension of health

Answer 17

Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and it’s systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.

Question 18

Define health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)

Answer 18

A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality

Question 19

Define health status

Answer 19

An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors. (AIHW, 2008)