Sac 1 Flashcards
Define determinants of health
Factors that raise or lower a level of health in a population or individual. Determinants of health help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better or worse health than other. (AIHW, 2006) Determinants can be classified in many ways such as biological, behavioural, physical environment and social.
Define Years lost due to disability (YLD)
A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability.
Define social determinants
Aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support.
Define biological determinants
Factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
Define behavioural determinants
Actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impact on health, such as smoking, sexual activity, participation in physical activity and eating practices.
Define trend
A general change or movement in a particular direction. For example, trends indicate a significant increase in obesity rates over the past 20 years.
Define mortality rate
The measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one year period (usually per 100,000)
Define disability adjusted life year (DALY)
A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
Define life expectancy
An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change. (AIHW, 2008)
Define incidence
The number or rate of new cases of a disease during a specified period of time (usually a twelve month period)
Define years of life lost (YLL)
A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
Define the mental dimension of health
State of well-being in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. (WHO, 2009)
Define under-five mortality rate (UM5R)
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 lives births. (WHO, 2008)
Define burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries. Specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)
Define the social dimension of health
Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.
Define prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time. (AIHW, 2008)
Define morbidity
Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group. (AIHW, 2008)
Define the physical dimension of health
Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and it’s systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
Define health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality
Define health status
An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors. (AIHW, 2008)
