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PSYCHOLOGY 3/4 > SAC 1 > Flashcards

SAC 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the CNS
(Central Nervous System)

A

the central nervous system is made up of two parts, the brain and the spinal cord.

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2
Q

what are the three types of Neurons?

A
  1. Motor Neurons (efferent neurons)
  2. Sensory neurons (afferent neurons)
  3. Interneurons
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3
Q

what does a motor neuron do?

A

transmits messages about motor movement - from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

what does a sensory neuron do?

A

transmits neural messages about bodily sensations - from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system

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5
Q

what does an interneuron do?

A

transfers neural messages between sensory and motor neurons -
(the CNS is made up of interneurons)

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6
Q

what is the PNS?
(Peripheral Nervous System)

A

transmits neural messages between the CNS and the body

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7
Q

what are the two sectors of the PNS?

A
  1. somatic NS (conscious)
  2. automic NS (unconcious)
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8
Q

what is the somatic NS?

A

voluentary motor movement + skeletal, muscles

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9
Q

what is the automic NS

A

involuntary internal responses + visceral muscles, organs and glands

transmits neural messages to the CNS

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10
Q

what does Afferent and Efferent refer to?

A

in the somatic NS
- Sensory information is called afferent
- Motor information is called efferent

these terms refer to the direction of the neural information flow

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11
Q

what are the divisions of the Automic Nervous System

A
  1. sympathetic
  2. parasympathetic
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12
Q

what does the sympathetic division do?

A

a division of the automic nervous system
that dominates when under stress - does this by activating internal muscles to act quickly

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13
Q

what does the parasympathetic division do?

A

a division of the automic ns that dominants in calm - maintains the sense of homeostasis (balance) in normal functioning

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14
Q

the sympathetic NS ____ heart rate and the parasympathetic NS ____ heart rate

A
  • the sympathetic NS accelerates heart rate
  • the parasympathetic NS slows heart rate
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15
Q

what is the brains function in the CNS?

A

the brain receives and processes information from the body - and activates appropriate responses

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16
Q

what is the spinal cords function in the CNS

A
  • receives sensory information and sends to the brain
  • receives motor information from the brain and sends to relevant parts of the body
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17
Q

what are neurochemicals?

A
  1. neurotransmitters
  2. neuromodulators
18
Q

what are neural transmitters?

A

neural transmitters are chemical molecules that have an effect on one or two post-synaptic neurons - enables rapid communication between two neurons

19
Q

what are the two kinds of neurotransmitters?

A
  • EXITATORY/gluamate
    (increases likely hood)
  • INHIBITORY/GABA
    (decreases likely hood)
20
Q

what is a Neuromodulator?

A

modulate neural activity on a larger scale than neurotransmitters, the actions of a neuromodulator are relatively longlasting eg DOPAMINE & SERATONIN

21
Q

what is dopamine?

A

a neuromodulator that has inhibitory & excitatory effects
- pleasure, motivation, movement & attention
plays a role in controlling
- memory, mood, sleep, learning & concentration

22
Q

what is seretonin

A

a neurotransmitter
that plays a role in controlling
- mood regulation, stabilisation, the sleep wake cycle, appetite, digestion & arousal

23
Q

what is the reward pathway?

A

the main job is to make us want to repeat the actions that help us survive
- eating, drinking, friendship, romance

24
Q

what is long-term potentialation?

A

SPROUTING
- increased number of receptor sites
- bushier dendrites
- increased number of synaptic connections

25
Q

what is long-term depression?

A

PRUNING
- decreased number of receptor sites
- decreased number of dendrites
- decreased number of synaptic connections

26
Q

what is synaptic plasticity?

A

the modifying of connections between neurons and the fundamental mechanism of a memory formation that leads to learning
- sprouting, rerouting & pruning

27
Q

what is stress?

A

a psychological and physiological experience when something of significance occurs that demands their attention and/or efforts to cope

28
Q

internal vs external stressor

A

INTERNAL stressor
- a stimulus from within a persons body that promotes a stress response
EXTERNAL stressor
- a stimulus from outside the body that prompts a stress response
*internal + external stressors can work together

29
Q

what is the psychological stress response?

A
  • how we process a stressor and is accompanied by different emotion states (sadness or excitement)
  • stress response differs between people
30
Q

what is the physiological stress response?

A
  • how the body reacts to a stressor
  • usuallyexperienced in similar ways between different people
  • different responses occur based on the length of time the stressor demands attention
31
Q

what is the FFF response?

A
  1. FIGHT
  2. FLIGHT
  3. FREEZE
32
Q

what is general adaption syndrome (GAS)

A

the experience of stress from a biological standpoint

33
Q

what are the three steps of GAS

A
  1. ALARM REACTION
    (shock+ countershock)
  2. RESISTANCE
  3. EXHAUSTION
34
Q

what is cortisol?

A

a hormone that is released in times of stress to aid the body in initiating and maintaining heightened arousal
- involved in both long & short term responses to stress

35
Q

what does cortisol do?

A
  • helps energise the body by inducing the release of glucose and a rise in blood sugar levels
  • released over a prolonged period allowing to deal with stress for longer
  • cortisol can suppress the immune system while working at a heightened level
36
Q

what is coping?

A

the process of dealing with stress coping mechanisms that directly confront or reduce the source of stress improving overall wellbeing

37
Q

what is context specific effectiveness in reference to coping?

A

when the coping strategy or mechanism used is appropriate for the demands of the stressor
(the effectiveness of a strategy varies on situation)

38
Q

what is coping flexibility?

A

the ability to adjust or change ones coping strategies, having high levels of coping flexibility ensures context specific effectiveness.

39
Q

what are approach coping stratergies?

A

strategies that directly confront or reduce the source of the stress deals with stress in a practical way
(studying for a sac you are stressed about)

40
Q

what are avoidance coping strategies?

A

strategies that involve distancing or evading the source of stress, dealing with the more emotional component of stress
(denial, distraction, sleeping)

41
Q
A

PSYCHOLOGY 3/4 (2 decks)

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