Sac 1

Question 1

What is a colonial self-government

Answer 1

A colony with an elected government in which elected rulers make most decisions without the imperial government.

Question 2

What is British Mercantilism

Answer 2

Colonies in the British Empire provided new raw materials to Britain and colonies were not allowed to trade with each other

Question 3

What were the most valuable resources the colonies had to trade with Britain

Answer 3

The sugar trade in the West Indies and tea from India

Question 4

What were the backgrounds of the population of colonists

Answer 4

Around 2.5 million colonists were of European origin. Only 58% of people were of English heritage. There were approximately 500,000 black slaves who were kidnapped from the west coast of Africa

Question 5

What were George Washingtons experiences in the French and Indian War

Answer 5

On the 18th of July 1755, George Washington wrote to his mother that the English soldiers “were struck with such panic (from the French and Indians) that they behaved with more cowardice than it is possible to conceive.” George grew resentment for the British military

Question 6

What was the outcome of the French and Indian War for the colonists

Answer 6

The colonists benefited from the defeat of France and they no longer experienced a French threat from Canada

Question 7

What was the outcome of the French and Indian War for Britain

Answer 7

Granted territories of New France but British Parliament now had a national debt of almost 130 million pounds

Question 8

Why did people meet at the Albany Congress

Answer 8

Delegates from 7 colonies attended the Albany Congress in New York to strengthen relations in fear of the French threat on the western frontier.

Question 9

When was the Albany congress

Answer 9

1754

Question 10

What were the objectives of the Albany congress

Answer 10

The objectives were to form a union that would be led by the president general. The union would have a grand council of delegates from each colony. However, the plan was rejected.

Question 11

When was the royal proclamation

Answer 11

1763

Question 12

What was the royal proclamation

Answer 12

In response to Pontiac’s rebellion, the British cabinet (led by Grenville) rushed through new laws to negotiate peace with angered tribes. The land was reserved for Indians however any current land claims and purchases of land from native tribes was prohibited.

Question 13

Why did the royal proclamation upset the colonists

Answer 13

The proclamation interfered with landownership which upset the colonists as they felt entitled to the land. At least 30,000 colonists ignored the restrictions.

Question 14

How did the royal proclamation act benefit the British military

Answer 14

Captains were provided with 3000 acres of land, sergeants with 200, and privates 50

Question 15

When was the Sugar Act

Answer 15

1764

Question 16

What was the sugar act

Answer 16

Aimed to generate increased commercial competition with the French West Indies and to better regulate American colonial trade. Attempted to stop smuggling by reducing the tax on foreign molasses from sixpence to threepence per gallon. This led to the writs of assistance

Question 17

Who was the leader of the movement against the writs of assistance

Answer 17

James Otis

Question 18

What was the Writs of assistance

Answer 18

general search warrants to enter any property officials believed might contain smuggled goods

Question 19

What was the Malcom affair and how did it grow colonial resentment for the sugar act

Answer 19

The Malcom affair in 1766 included the ransacking of the home of the Boston merchant, general resentment towards the act

Question 20

What was the Currency Act

Answer 20

The act banned further printing of colonial paper money and prohibited the use of existing paper money to pay private debts

Question 21

How did the Currency Act affect the colonists

Answer 21

International trade suffered as colonists struggled to pay foreign debts. Colonist’s desired an American economy free from British bankers

Question 22

When was the Currency Act

Answer 22

1764

Question 23

What was the Stamp Act

Answer 23

The bill required stamps to be affixed to anything formally written or printed in the colonies, affecting fifty items of written communication

Question 24

When was the Stamp Act

Answer 24

March 1765

Question 25

How did the colonists react to the Stamp Act

Answer 25

14 August 1765 – effigy of Andrew Oliver (overseer of the implementation of the Stamp Act in Massachusetts) hanged and burned from the Liberty Tree. Groups such as the Sons of Liberty formed to protest against the act using violence and intimidation. Taxation without representation

Question 26

How did the Stamp Act affect the colonists

Answer 26

The stamp act was devastating for lawyers and writers as 15 categories of legal documents were taxed. They felt they were being taxed without any representation in British Parliament which went against their natural rights.

Question 27

When was the Quartering Act

Answer 27

1765

Question 28

What was the Quartering Act

Answer 28

parliament updated perpetual law to secure and improve discipline in the British military, however, it was amended to require colonial assemblies to provide accommodation/food

Question 29

Colonial Reaction to the Quartering Act

Answer 29

The colonists convinced themselves they would have to open their homes to the British soldiers which denied them their rights as an Englishman (this was false news though). Rioting in New York led to authorities no longer enforcing the law.

Question 30

What was the Virginia Resolves

Answer 30

29 May 1765 – Patrick Henry introduced seven resolutions intended to threaten resistance against the Stamp Act

Question 31

When was the Stamp Act Congress

Answer 31

October 1765

Question 32

What was the Stamp Act Congress

Answer 32

28 delegates from 9 colonies gathered in New York gathered to discuss the Stamp Act. They concluded that since the colonists could only vote for local assemblies, only they had the right to tax them.

Question 33

When were the Andrew Oliver and Thomas Hutchison attacks

Answer 33

August 1765

Question 34

What were the Andrew Oliver and Thomas Hutchison attacks

Answer 34

Andrew and Thomas were both wealthy and supporters of the Stamp Act and therefore were ganged up on by men. On the 14th of August 1765 effigies of Oliver hung from the Liberty Tree in Boston, home and office destroyed by mob actions. On 26th August 1765 Boston crowds damaged the houses of two British officials and attacked Hutchinson’s mansion