SA3 Directed Study Flashcards
Types of targets for FAE
Structures
Concentrations of AFV and SP Guns
Parked aircraft
Minefield clearance
Ships
Bunkers / trenches
Concentrations of troops in the open
Fuels used in FAEs
Aluminium
Butane
Acetylene
Kerosene
Aircraft damage criteria
FT - Flight Kill - Aircraft becomes permanently incapable of maintaining flight after sustained damage
CT - Continuance Kill - Unable to continue mission after sustaining damage
ET - Effectiveness Kill - Receives damage to cause it be grounded for repairs
Principle of FAE
Creates an aerosol cloud of fuel air mixture which then detonates to achieve an explosive effect.
What are the basic techniques in the design of warheads for attack on Aircraft?
Shaped charges (EFPs)
Overpressure (Blast)
Kinetic energy (bullets or fragmenting warheads)
Special kinetic energy (continuous rod)
(SOKS)
What are the factors that affect shaped charges?
Shape of Liner
Rate of Spin
Cone Diameter
Liner Material
Stand-Off Distance
What are 7 types of warheads used to attack aircraft?
Blast
Fragmentation
Fragmentation plus blast
Special kinetic energy
Shaped charges
Sub projectiles
Cluster
What are the types of damage on personnel?
Physical
Mental
What are the two catergories of wounds?
Mild and Severe
What are the factors that effect V of D?
Charge diameter
Density of charge
Degree of confinement
Strength of detonator
In regards to people what are the factors that effect their vulnerability ?
Attitude (presented area)
Protection (body armour, buildings etc)
Primary effects of explosion
- Blast
- Heat
- Fragmentation
2 types of energy used in ammo design
- Kinetic Energy (KE)
- Chemical Energy (CE)
What is the definition of shape charge?
A charge shaped so as to concentrate its explosive force in a particular direction.
What stand off distance gives peak performance?
5 Cone diameters
What are 3 levels of damage which ammunition designer may want to achieve?
- Disablement
- Destruction
- Neutralisation
Three types of explosions are?
Physical (mechanical) explosion
Chemical Explosion
Nuclear explosion
How shaped charges achieve their effect?
by intense concentration of kinetic energy
Phases of explosion
Shockfront
Positive pressure phase
Negative pressure phase
What is standoff distance
The distance between the front face of the shaped charge liner and the target plate at moment of initiation.
What are these acronyms ?
PK, PH, PR, P
P K = Probability of a Kill
P H = Probability of a Hit
P R = Reliability of the weapon system
P L = Lethality of the warhead or ammunition
What are the types of armour?
Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA)
Spaced Homogenous
Ply
Face hardened
Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA)
Composite (Chobham)
Slat (Bar)
What is the tank damage criteria M F K?
M - Mobility kill
F - Firepower kill
K - Completely destroyed
What is the damage assessment criteria F and P for APC and MICV?
F - Firepower kill
P - Payload kill
What are some of the ways to increase penetration?
Rocket Assistance
Improve Steadiness of Shot
Lengthen the Projectile
Lengthening of Barrel
Segmented Long Rod Penetrators
What are the principal types of material found around the battlefield?
-Aircraft on the ground
-Soft skinned vehicles
-Storage dumps/maintenance areas
-Electronic and communication equipment
(ASSE)
What are the types of aircraft in flight?
Fast moving
Slow moving
Helicopters
What are the main types of targets
frequently engaged by fire?
Vehicles
Complex
People
Equipment
Aircraft
Structures
In development and production, weapon systems must be what?
Simple
Easy to inspect
Easy to make
Safe to transport, store and handle
What are the two ways to produce energy for conventional attacks on targets?
Kinetic Energy
Chemical Energy
What are the basic techniques in the design of warheads for attack on Aircraft?
Shaped charges
Overpressure
Kinetic energy
Special kinetic energy
(SOKS)
What are the types of shot failure?
Barrelling
Shattering
Lateral bending
What are some behind armour effects?
Luminescence
Scabbing
Heat / Fires
Overpressure
(HOLS)
What are some of the methods of delivery against armour?
Guns
Grenades
Mines
Aircraft bombs
Missiles
What is the damage criteria for aircraft?
(KK,K,A,B,C,E)
-KK Kill, The target suffers immediate and catastrophic disintegration.
-K Kill, The target is destroyed in less than 10 secs
-A Kill, The target is destroyed in less than 5 mins.
-B Kill, The target is defeated in less than 5 hours.
-C Kill, The target’s mission is not achieved (mission
-E Kill, The target may complete its mission but needs repair before it can fly again.
What are the vulnerable areas of an aircraft?
Structural Attack
-Air frame
-People, the aircrew
-Fuel cells/tanks & lines
-Engines
Power transmission systems
Flight controls
Avionics
Bomb load / Pay load
What effects does altitude have on weapon systems?
Density
Attenuation
Miss distance
Altitude increases - warhead increases
What is the most common way of transferring energy to personnel?
Fragmentation
What are the major fragment producers?
Generic HE
Pre notched containers
Pre formed fragments
What is rarefaction ?
Area of low pressure following a shock wave
ADV of FAE
Provides larger overpressure at a greater distance than HE
Requires little to no oxygen making explosive 3-5 times hotter than HE
DISADV of FAE
Weather dependent - If its windy FAE wont have an efficient effect
