SA Genitourinary Exam

Question 1

how many mammary glands do dogs and cats have?
horses and cows?

Answer 1

dogs 8-12, cats 8.
horses 2, cows 4.

Question 2

how many perinea orifice do male dogs have?

Answer 2

1. the urethral orifice, which can be exposed on male dogs.

Question 3

compare the topography in a male dog vs male cat penis

Answer 3

the males cat prepuce is a perineal structure.
Dogs have a cranial facing penis while cats male penis faces caudally.

Question 4

what is the order of the perineal topography for a male

Answer 4

from dorsal to ventral
anus, testicles/scrotum, then prepuce/penis

Question 5

compare the ano-genital distance between male and female cat

Answer 5

There is a large distance between the anus and genital orifice in the male cat. This distance is also greater than a female cat.

Question 6

Female Dog and Cat vulva position relative to the anus

Answer 6

the vulva is ventral to the anus,with little distance between these two orifices

Question 7

Where can kidneys be palpated?

Answer 7

kidneys lie dorsally in the cranial to mid-abdomen. the right kidney is opposite the first three lumbar vertebrae (L1-L3). the left kidney is more caudally situated, at the level of the second to fourth lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4).

Question 8

are kidneys palpable?
dogs vs cats

Answer 8

In dogs, the position of kidneys are more fixed in location than cats. The canine right kidney is tucked under the right costal arch, so it is rarely palpable. You may be able to palpate the left kidney.
avg size: 6-9 cm long,4-5 cm wide

In cats, both kidneys are easily palpated.
avg size: 4-4.5 cm long, 3-3.5 cm wide.

Question 9

is the urinary bladder palpable? where is it located?

Answer 9

unless entirely empty, it can be palpated ventrally in the caudal abdomen of dogs and cats.
normal bladder is smooth, thin walled, round to pear shaped.

Question 10

is the uterus palpable?

Answer 10

not palpable if healthy, not in estrus, and not pregnant.

Question 11

what may enlarge the uterus

Answer 11

abnormalities, such as pyometra, will enlarge the uterus such that it will be palpated as a tubular structure dorsal to the bladder and ventral to the descending colon.
in early pregnancy, it may be enlarged.

Question 12

Can the prostate gland be palpated?

Answer 12

it is located within the pelvic cavity so a normal prostate gland can only be palpated during examination per rectum.

if it is enlarged due to age or disease, elderly intact, it can be identified during deep palpation in the caudal abdomen.

firm, ovoid structure caudal to the bladder and ventral to the colon.