Sa Flashcards
What were the results of the 1994 election in South Africa?
Nelson Mandela became President with previous President de Klerk becoming the Deputy President.
What were the main areas of reform made by President P.W Botha?
Trade Unions, Constitution, Pass Laws, Educational, Petty Apartheid.
Define apartheid.
A policy and system of segregation and discrimination on the grounds of race.
How did the Boers arrive in South Africa?
Dutch and German settlers during the 17th - 19th centuries.
Which racial group did the majority of the population belong to?
Black.
What was the purpose of the ANC’s Program of Action in 1949?
To challenge government plans for apartheid through boycotts, civil disobedience, and strikes.
What was the outcome of the 1992 referendum called by President de Klerk?
Almost 69 percent of the country’s white voters endorsed his reform policies.
What did the ANC’s Freedom Charter call for?
Nonracial social democracy in South Africa.
What significant event occurred during the Soweto Rebellion in 1976?
20,000 students protested against the use of Afrikaans in schools, resulting in approximately 176 fatalities.
What actions did President de Klerk take to dismantle apartheid?
Repealed racially discriminatory laws, recognized Black Trade Unions, abolished job reservations for whites.
Fill in the blank: The ANC won _______ of the vote in the 1994 election.
62.5%.
True or False: Nelson Mandela was frequently banned from travel, association, and speech starting in 1952.
True.
What was the significance of the Congress of the People held by the ANC in 1955?
It discussed the Freedom Charter and united various groups against apartheid.
What economic commodities was South Africa important for during the Cold War?
Gold and coal.
What was the impact of international opposition to apartheid?
Increased criticism of apartheid and formation of anti-apartheid groups globally.
What was the role of Black Trade Unions recognized in 1979?
Gave access to the industrial court and the right to strike.
Fill in the blank: The new South African Parliament established in 1984 consisted of _______ chambers.
three.
What was the outcome of the 1986 repeal of Pass laws?
Allowed black people to move between Homelands and urban areas.
What led to increased civil disorder in the 1980s?
Mass protests and violence in response to rent and electricity hikes.
Who co-won the Nobel Peace Prize with Nelson Mandela in 1993?
President FW de Klerk.
What was the ANC’s stance after the ban was lifted in 1990?
They suspended the armed struggle and focused on political action.
What was a major consequence of the Soweto riots?
Black school children became significant participants in the anti-apartheid movement.
What did the new constitution in 1984 allow for?
A state president elected mainly by whites, maintaining white political power.
What caused the breakdown of the black local government system in the townships?
Attacks on government buildings and assassinations against black councillors and police regarded as collaborators with the apartheid system
This was a significant factor leading to unrest.
What was the reason behind school boycotts in the summer of 1985?
Protesting to the substandard teachers and resources
These boycotts contributed to the overall confusion and unrest during this period.
What significant action did the South African government take in 1990?
Lifted its three-decade-old ban on the ANC
This action signaled a willingness to disband the apartheid system.
Who engaged in a fierce struggle with the ANC after the ban was lifted?
The Zulu Nationalist party
This struggle was for political leadership and the allegiance of black South Africans.
How many people had been killed in clashes by 1994?
Thousands
The violence escalated significantly during this period.
What was South Africa’s position in international affairs during apartheid?
Remained important due to reliance on external markets and products
This importance was crucial for both South Africa and Western powers.
Why did South Africa become increasingly isolated over the years?
Due to the international community’s criticism of apartheid
However, complete isolation was not favorable for Western powers.
What was South Africa’s strategic importance during the Cold War?
In the fight against communism and as a route to the east
This aspect was leveraged in South African propaganda.
What important commodities did South Africa provide to the West?
- Gold
- Coal
These commodities were significant for Western economies.
Which countries were particularly against sanctions against South Africa?
Britain and the USA
Their opposition was rooted in economic and strategic interests.
Did the international community criticize apartheid?
Yes
Anti-apartheid groups existed in many countries to increase this criticism.
