S9) Infections of the Reproductive Tract Flashcards
What are the main public health messages required to limit STI’s?
- Practice safe sexual behaviour
- Reduce total number of partners
- Seek better sexual health education
- Seek early treatment for suspected STI
- Avoid alcohol/illicit drug abuse
Identify 6 factors which affect the transmission of genital tract infections
- Age
- Condom use
- Sexual orientation
- Socioeconomic status
- Number of partners
- Ethnicity
Identify 5 of the most commonly occuring STI’s
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- Genital herpes
- Genital warts
- Syphillis
What is the causative organism in chlamydia?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the causative organism in gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhea
What is the causative organism in genital warts?
Human papilloma virus
What is the causative organism in genital herpes?
Herpes simplex virus (1&2)
Briefly, describe the incidence of different STI diagnoses in men
Briefly, describe the incidence of different STI diagnoses in women
Briefly, describe the incidence of different STI diagnoses in men by ethnic group
Briefly, describe the incidence of different STI diagnoses in women by ethnic group
How does chlamydia present in males?
- Urethritis
- Dysuria
- Epididymitis
- Prostatitis
- Conjunctivitis
- Asymptomatic pharyngeal infection
How does chlamydia present in females?
- Increased discharge
- Dyspareunia (painful sex)
- Post coital bleeds
- Intermenstrual bleeds
- Conjunctivitis
- Asymptomatic pharyngeal infection
How is chlamydia diagnosed in men?
- First catch urine NAAT (nucleic acid amplification testing)
- Rectal NAAT
- Pharyngeal NAAT
How is chlamydia diagnosed in women?
- Vulvovaginal & endocervical swabs for NAAT
- Rectal NAAT
- Pharyngeal NAAT
Describe the treatment of chlamydia in men and women
- Doxycycline / Azithromycin (1st line)
- Erythromycin / Ofloxacin (2nd line)
How does gonorrhea present in men?
- Urethral discharge
- Dysuria
- Anal discharge
- Asymptomatic pharyngeal infection
How does gonorrhea present in women?
- Altered discharge
- Lower abdominal pain
- Asymptomatic pharyngeal infection
- Asymptomatic rectal infection
How is gonorrhea diagnosed?
- Microscopy of gram stained genital specimen
- NAATs
- Cultures
Describe the treatment of gonorrhea
- Ceftriaxone & azithromycin
- Spectinomycin (alternative for penicillin allergy)
Why are both azithromycin and ceftriaxone given as treatment for gonorrhea?
Azithromycin prevents antibiotic resistance to ceftriaxone and also treats the possible co-infection of chlamydia
How does genital herpes present?
- Painful ulceration
- Dysuria
- Vagina discharge
- Fever
- Myalgia