S7: Health promotion

Question 1

What are the 5 approaches to health promotion?

Answer 1

1. Medical
2. Behaviour change (campaigns)
3. Educational
4. Empowerment (services)
5. Social change (eg regulation - smoking ban)

Question 2

What are the three levels of prevention?

Answer 2

Primary, secondary, tertiary prevention

Question 3

What is primary prevention?

Answer 3

Aims to prevent the onset of disease or injury by reducing exposure to risk factors
Immunisation
Prevention of contact with environmental risk factors
Taking appropriate precautions re communicable disease
Reducing risk factors from health-related behaviours

Question 4

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 4

Aims to detect and treat disease at an early stage - prevent its progression/ potential future complications

Screening for cervical cancer
Monitoring and treating blood pressure
Screening for glaucoma

Question 5

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 5

Aims to minimise the effect of established disease

Steroids for asthma to prevent asthma attacks
Renal transplants

Question 6

List three features of health promotion, according to the Ottowa Charter

Answer 6

It involves enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health

It includes maximising social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.

It goes beyond healthy lifestyles to encompass well-being more broadly

Question 7

What’s the difference between targeted and universal health promotion?

Answer 7

Universal approaches aim to reduce risk across the entire population - eg sugar tax
Targeted approaches aim to identify those most at risk and then tailor messages and approaches to that group or groups - eg breastfeeding initiatives in young mothers

Question 8

What are some strategies for health promotion?

Answer 8

Policy, legislation and systems change
Community development
Health communication - information, communication and health education