S6) Health-related Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What are health-related behaviours?

A

Health-related behaviours are anything that may promote good health or lead to illness e.g. smoking, drinking, drug use, exercise, healthy diet, safe sex

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2
Q

Why is there a concern about health-related behaviour?

A
  • At least 1/3 of all disease burden in the developed world is caused by tobacco, alcohol, BP, obesity and cholesterol
  • Behaviour risk factors are responsible for 80% of CHD and cerebrovascular disease
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3
Q

Identify 7 behaviours that promote longevity

A
  • Sleep 7-8 hours a night
  • Don’t smoke
  • Eat breakfast
  • Near your “ideal” weight
  • Don’t eat between meals
  • Regular exercise
  • Drink alcohol in moderation/not at all
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4
Q

Classical conditioning is a learning theory to help understand people’s health-related behaviour.

Outline it

A

Classical conditioning: behaviours can become linked to unrelated stimuli

E.g. behaviours such as smoking & drinking can become unconsciously paired with environment (work break) or emotions (anxiety)

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5
Q

Which aversive techniques can arise from classical conditioning?

A
  • Pairing a behaviour with an unpleasant response
  • E.g. Alcohol & medication to induce nausea (nausea is result of medication + alcohol but comes to be associated with alcohol)*
  • Break unconscious response – change habits
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6
Q

What are the limitations of conditioning theories?

A

No account of social context, cognitive processes, knowledge, beliefs, memory, attitudes, expectations etc.

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7
Q

Operant conditioning is a learning theory to help understand people’s health-related behaviour.

Outline it

A

Operant conditioning: behaviour is shaped by the consequences (reward or punishment)

  • Behaviour increases if it is rewarded / a punishment is removed
  • Behaviour decreases if it is punished / a reward is removed
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8
Q

What are the limitations of operant conditioning?

A
  • Unhealthy behaviours immediately rewarding e.g. alcohol, smoking, chocolate, unsafe sex
  • Driven by short term rewards
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9
Q

Social learning theory is a learning theory to help understand people’s health-related behaviour.

Outline it

A
  • Social learning theory: people can learn vicariously (observation/ modelling)
  • We learn what behaviours are rewarded, and how likely it is we can perform behaviour, from observing others
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10
Q

What are the positives and negatives of social learning theory?

A
  • Negative: harmful behaviours will be modelled e.g. drinking, drug use, unsafe sex
  • Positive: peer modelling / education, celebrities in health promotion campaigns
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11
Q

Cognitive dissonace theory is a social cognition model to help understand people’s health-related behaviour.

Outline it

A

Cognitive dissonance theory: discomfort when actions/events don’t match beliefs

  • Either reduce discomfort by changing beliefs or behaviour
  • Or provide health information which creates mental discomfort prompts behaviour changes
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12
Q

The theory of planned behaviour is a social cognition model to help understand people’s health-related behaviour.

Outline it

A
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13
Q

What are the limitations of the Theory of Planned Behaviour?

A
  • Good predictor of intentions but poor predictor of behaviour
  • Problem with translating intentions into behaviour
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14
Q

The stages of change model is a transtheoretical model to help understand people’s health-related behaviour.

Outline it

A
  • Stages of change model – 5 stages which people may pass through over time in decision making / change
  • The way people think about health behaviours, & willingness to change their behaviour, are not static
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