S45(1) HBV Flashcards
High endemic areas of Hepatitis B (HBV) whiich are locations such as sub-saharan Africa, East Asia, the Amazon, it is primarily spread how?
Primarily spread by mother-to-infant perinatal transmission and child-to-child transmission
Low endemic areas of Hepatitis B (HBV) which are locations such as US and Western Europe, it is primarily spread how?
- Perinatal transmission
- Injection drug users
- Multi-transfused patients
- Health-care providers
- Sexual partners of HBV
True or False
HBV is Highly virulent, 50-100x more infectious than HIV.
True
It is a DNA virus – partially double stranded
Viral replications by reverse transcriptase
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
HBsAg
Protein found on the surface of HBV (Can be acute OR chronic)
if present for > 6 months it denotes chronic infection
Hepatitis B Envelope Antigen
HBeAg
Present in active infection
Current replication
Immunoglobulin Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen
IgM anti-HBc
Indicates acute infection (within 6 months)
Hepatitis B Virus DNA
HBV DNA
Measured as viral load (IU/mL)
Amount of DNA per mL of plasma
Hepatitis B Envelope Antibody
HBeAb
Formed in response to HBsAg
Predictor of long-term suppression
Total hepatitis B Core Antibody
Anti-HBc
Indicates previous or ongoing infection
Hepatitis B Surface Antibody
Anti-HBs
Produced after recovery of HBV infection or successful completion of the vaccination series
Indicates immunity
HBsAg - Negative (No surface antigen present)
Anti-HBc - Negative (doesn’t have it or never had it)
Anti-HBs - Negative (never recovered)
Patient is susceptible, recommend HEP B Vaccine
HBsAg - Negative (No active infection)
Anti-HBc - Positive (had it in the past)
Anti-HBs - Positive (recovered)
Immune due to natural infection
HBsAg - Negative (No active infection)
Anti-HBc - Negative (doesn’t have it or never had it)
Anti-HBs - Positive (recovered)
Immune due to HBV vaccination
HBsAg - Positive (Active infection)
Anti-HBc - Positive (previous or ongoing infection)
IgM anti-HBc - Positive ( within six months)
Anti-HBs - Negative (Not recovered)
Acutely infected
HBsAg - Positive (Active infection)
Anti-HBc - Positive (previous or ongoing infection)
IgM anti-HBc - Negative (greater than six months)
Anti-HBs - Negative (Not recovered)
Chronically infected
No cure
Occurs in most children with perinatal infection
Occurs in <5% of adult-onset infections
HBsAg - Negative
Anti-HBc - Positive
Anti-HBs - Negative
Resolved infection (most common)
False-positive (susceptible)
“Low level” chronic infection
Resolving acute infection