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4.2.1 Transport over Larger Distances - Human Body Systems > S4.2.1 Glossary > Flashcards

S4.2.1 Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

aerobic respiration

A

Chemical reaction that releases energy, using oxygen as a reactant

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2
Q

adrenaline

A

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands which causes the “fight or flight” response

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3
Q

alveoli

A

Small air sacs in the lungs which increase its surface area

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4
Q

amino acids

A

The monomer of proteins

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5
Q

amylase

A

Enzyme which breaks down starch into glucose

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6
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

Chemical reaction that releases energy, without using oxygen as a reactant

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7
Q

aorta

A

The artery which carries blood away from the heart, towards the body

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8
Q

arteries

A

Blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart

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9
Q

benedict’s solution

A

The reagent which tests for sugar, changes from blue to green, yellow, orange to brick red

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10
Q

biuret solution

A

The reagent which tests for protein, changes from blue to lilac

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11
Q

blood supply

A

Flow or movement of blood through the body

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12
Q

carbohydrates

A

Molecules made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, e.g. starch and glucose

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13
Q

carbon dioxide

A

One of the waste products of aerobic respiration

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14
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

Made up of the brain and spinal cord, responsible for reacting to stimuli in our environment

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15
Q

circulatory system

A

Made up of the heart and all of the blood vessels, responsible for the movement of blood around the body

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16
Q

digestion

A

The process of breaking down large insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble molecules

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17
Q

effectors

A

Muscles or glands which produce a response

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18
Q

energy

A

Released or absorbed by chemical reactions

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19
Q

enzymes

A

Biological catalyst

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20
Q

ethanol

A

The reagent which tests for lipids/fat, changes from clear to cloudy

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21
Q

exchange surfaces

A

A surface across which substances are exchanged, e.g. alveoli, small intestines, leaves

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22
Q

exothermic

A

A reaction which releases energy, usually as heat

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23
Q

fatty acid

A

A molecule which makes up lipids (fats)

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24
Q

gas exchange

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, e.g. in the alveoli or leaves

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25
Q

gland

A

Produces hormones

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26
Q

glucose

A

The monomer of starch

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27
Q

glycerol

A

A molecule which makes up lipids (fats)

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28
Q

heart

A

Organ which pumps blood around the body

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29
Q

iodine

A

The reagent used to test for starch, changes from orange-brown to blue-black

30
Q

kidneys

A

Organs which filter blood to produce urine

31
Q

lactic acid

A

Waste product of anaerobic respiration

32
Q

left ventricle

A

The bottom chamber of the left side of the heart which pumps blood to the body

33
Q

lipase

A

Enzyme which breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

34
Q

lipids

A

Also known as fats

35
Q

liver

A

Organ which removes toxins from the blood

36
Q

membrane

A

A thin layer of cells which acts as a boundary or barrier in the body

37
Q

motor neurone

A

Nerve cells which carry electrical impulses from the CNS to the effector

38
Q

multicellular organism

A

Organism made of more than one cell

39
Q

muscles

A

Tissue which can contract or relax to enable movement

40
Q

negative feedback

A

If there is a change within a system, the system acts to reverse that change

41
Q

neurones

A

Nerve cells which carry electrical impulses around the body

42
Q

oxygen

A

Molecule which acts as a reactant for aerobic respiration

43
Q

oxygen debt

A

The amount of oxygen needed to break down the built up lactic acid in the muscles

44
Q

pacemaker

A

Cells which regulate heartbeat

45
Q

pituitary gland

A

The master gland, produces hormones which act on other glands

46
Q

plasma

A

Liquid part of the blood which carries dissolved substances

47
Q

platelets

A

Small fragments of cells which help the blood to clot

48
Q

protease

A

Enzyme which breaks down protein into amino acids

49
Q

proteins

A

Polymers made of amino acids

50
Q

pulmonary artery

A

The artery which carries blood away from the heart, towards the lungs

51
Q

pulmonary vein

A

The vein which carries blood into the heart, from the lungs

52
Q

receptor

A

Something which detects a stimulus

53
Q

red blood cells

A

Cells which carry oxygen around the body

54
Q

relay neurones

A

Nerve cells which carry electrical impulses within the CNS

55
Q

response

A

What the body does when it detects a stimulus

56
Q

right ventricle

A

The bottom chamber of the right side of the heart which pumps blood to the lungs

57
Q

sensory neurones

A

Nerve cells which carry electrical impulses from the receptor to the CNS

58
Q

starch

A

A polymer made of glucose

59
Q

stimulus

A

A change in the environment

60
Q

Sudan III

A

The reagent which tests for lipids/fat, produces a red layer

61
Q

surface area

A

The area of a surface which is exposed

62
Q

surface area: volume ratio

A

The ratio of surface area to volume

63
Q

synapse

A

The gap between two neurones

64
Q

thyroxine

A

Hormone produced by the thyroid which regulates metabolism and body temperature

65
Q

trachea

A

Also called the windpipe, connects the mouth and nose to the lungs

66
Q

urea

A

A waste product produced by cells, excreted in the urine

67
Q

valves

A

Prevent backflow of blood in blood vessels and heart

68
Q

veins

A

Blood vessels which carry blood towards the heart

69
Q

vena cava

A

Vein which carries blood into the heart, from the body

70
Q

water

A

One of the waste products of aerobic respiration

71
Q

white blood cells

A

Part of the immune system which protects us against pathogens

4.2.1 Transport over Larger Distances - Human Body Systems (2 decks)

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