S4.1.3 Glossary Flashcards
Active transport
Movement of substance from low to high concentration, using energy
Cell cycle
The processes which occur in the cell before it divides
Cell differentiation
When a cell becomes specialised for a particular function
Cell division
When one cell divides to become two cells
Cell membrane
The layer which separates the inside and the outside of a cell
Cellulose
Structural component of cell walls, made of chains of glucose
Chloroplast
Organelle which contains chlorophyll, carries out photosynthesis
Chromosome
A piece of DNA which contains many genes
Concentration
The amount of a substance in an area
Diffusion
Movement of substance from high to low concentration
Electron microscope
A microscope which uses a beam of electrons to magnify a specimen
Eukaryotic
Describes cells which have a nucleus
Gamete
Sex cells, e.g. sperm, egg and pollen
Light microscope
A microscope which uses lenses to magnify a specimen
Magnification
The degree to which an object is made to appear larger than it is
Meiosis
Cell division which produces haploid gamete cells
Mitochondria
Organelle which carries out respiration
Mitosis
Cell division which produces diploid body cells
Multicellular
An organism made of more than one cell
Nucleus
Organelle which controls the cell’s activities and contains DNA
Organelle
Parts of the cell which carry out different functions
Osmosis
Movement of water from dilute to concentrated solution, across a ppm
Partially permeable
A membrane which only allows some substances to pass through
Photosynthesis
Process by which plants make their own food (glucose)
Plasmid
A ring of DNA found in bacteria
Prokaryotic
A cell without a nucleus
Respiration
Process by which organisms release energy from glucose
Ribosome
Organelle which carries out protein synthesis
Solute
A solid which dissolves into a solvent
Stem cell
An undifferentiated cell
Vacuole
Organelle which contains cell sap
