S4.1.3 Glossary

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

Movement of substance from low to high concentration, using energy

Question 2

Cell cycle

Answer 2

The processes which occur in the cell before it divides

Question 3

Cell differentiation

Answer 3

When a cell becomes specialised for a particular function

Question 4

Cell division

Answer 4

When one cell divides to become two cells

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

The layer which separates the inside and the outside of a cell

Question 6

Cellulose

Answer 6

Structural component of cell walls, made of chains of glucose

Question 7

Chloroplast

Answer 7

Organelle which contains chlorophyll, carries out photosynthesis

Question 8

Chromosome

Answer 8

A piece of DNA which contains many genes

Question 9

Concentration

Answer 9

The amount of a substance in an area

Question 10

Diffusion

Answer 10

Movement of substance from high to low concentration

Question 11

Electron microscope

Answer 11

A microscope which uses a beam of electrons to magnify a specimen

Question 12

Eukaryotic

Answer 12

Describes cells which have a nucleus

Question 13

Gamete

Answer 13

Sex cells, e.g. sperm, egg and pollen

Question 14

Light microscope

Answer 14

A microscope which uses lenses to magnify a specimen

Question 15

Magnification

Answer 15

The degree to which an object is made to appear larger than it is

Question 16

Meiosis

Answer 16

Cell division which produces haploid gamete cells

Question 17

Mitochondria

Answer 17

Organelle which carries out respiration

Question 18

Mitosis

Answer 18

Cell division which produces diploid body cells

Question 19

Multicellular

Answer 19

An organism made of more than one cell

Question 20

Nucleus

Answer 20

Organelle which controls the cell’s activities and contains DNA

Question 21

Organelle

Answer 21

Parts of the cell which carry out different functions

Question 22

Osmosis

Answer 22

Movement of water from dilute to concentrated solution, across a ppm

Question 23

Partially permeable

Answer 23

A membrane which only allows some substances to pass through

Question 24

Photosynthesis

Answer 24

Process by which plants make their own food (glucose)

Question 25

Plasmid

Answer 25

A ring of DNA found in bacteria

Question 26

Prokaryotic

Answer 26

A cell without a nucleus

Question 27

Respiration

Answer 27

Process by which organisms release energy from glucose

Question 28

Ribosome

Answer 28

Organelle which carries out protein synthesis

Question 29

Solute

Answer 29

A solid which dissolves into a solvent

Question 30

Stem cell

Answer 30

An undifferentiated cell

Question 31

Vacuole

Answer 31

Organelle which contains cell sap