s4, s2 splitting & more Flashcards
1
Q
When asked about the physiopathological cause of the s4 think always about __________ ventricle
A
noncompliant ventricle
2
Q
2 main causes of s4 sound are
A
in old age or
from any cause of ventricular hypertrophy
3
Q
Causes of ventricular hypertrophy are
A
hypertension
aortic stenosis
HCM
4
Q
Splitting of the second heart sound can be physiologic (___________[why and how] ____________-) or pathologic (_________________)
A
during inspiration due to decreased intrathoracic pressure
e.g., fixed splitting due to right ventricular overload
5
Q
Fixed s2 splitting and its Right ventricular overload are caused by:
A
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Severe RV failure
6
Q
A patent ductus arteriosus has as auscultation finding:
A
a loud continuous machinery murmur
