s4, s2 splitting & more Flashcards

1
Q

When asked about the physiopathological cause of the s4 think always about __________ ventricle

A

noncompliant ventricle

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2
Q

2 main causes of s4 sound are

A

in old age or

from any cause of ventricular hypertrophy

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3
Q

Causes of ventricular hypertrophy are

A

hypertension
aortic stenosis
HCM

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4
Q

Splitting of the second heart sound can be physiologic (___________[why and how] ____________-) or pathologic (_________________)

A

during inspiration due to decreased intrathoracic pressure

e.g., fixed splitting due to right ventricular overload

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5
Q

Fixed s2 splitting and its Right ventricular overload are caused by:

A

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

Severe RV failure

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6
Q

A patent ductus arteriosus has as auscultation finding:

A

a loud continuous machinery murmur

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