S4 L2 part 1 Dermatology History Flashcards
How do you take a dermatological history?
- PC: nature, site duration, evolution, symptoms like itching and pain, triggers, relieving factors, systemic symptoms like pyrexia
- PMH: systemic diseases, history of atopy, history of cancer, sunbed/sunburn, skin type
- FH: atopy? skin disease? autoimmune conditions?
- SH: occupation (sun exposure and contactants)
- DH: systemic and topical treatments
- QoL and ICE
What are the Fitzpatrick skin types?
How should you exam the skin when a patient presents with a skin lesion?
How can we describe a skin complaint using a system?
SCAM
How can we describe pigmented lesions?
ABCDE approach (E is evolution)
What are some words we can use to describe the site and distribution of skin lesions?
How can we describe the pattern of a skin lesion?
- Discrete
- Confluent
- Linear
- Target
- Annular (circle with different morphology on edges vs inner)
- Discoid
How can we describe the colour of a skin lesion?
- Hypopigmentation
- Depigmentation
- Hyperpigmentations
- Vitiligo (autoimmune attack on melanocytes, common in T1DM and thyroid disease)
What is the difference between a purpuric and an erythematous rash?
- Purpuric is non-blanching meaning the blood has got out of the blood vessels, e.g vasculitis
- Erythematous the blood vessels are fine
What is the definition of the following:
- Macule
- Patch
- Papule
- Nodule
- Plaque
- Vesicle
- Bulla
- Pustule
Macule: flat area of altered colour <1cm in diameter
Patch: flat area of altered colour >1cm in diameter
Papule: small rased lesion <1cm in diameter
Nodule: solid raised lesion >1cm with deeper component
Vesicle: small blister containing clear fluid <1cm
Bulla: big blister with clear fluid>1cm
Pustule: small pus containing lesion
What is the definition of the following terms?
- Wheal
- Erythema
- Petechiae
- Purpura
- Ecchymoses
What is a comedone?
Open (black head)
Closed (white head)
What are some changes in hair that can occur with a skin lesion?
- Hirsutism: androgen dependent hair growth in a female
- Hypertrichosis: non androgen dependent pattern of excessive hair growth
What are some changes in the nails that can occur in dermatology?
Define the following terms used to describe skin changes?
- Excoriation
- Lichenification
- Scales
- Crust
- Scar
- Koebner phenomenon (psoriasis)
- Fissure
- Striae
What are some of the functions of the skin?
