s3 ut1

Question 1

Levels of body organization (small to large)

Answer 1

organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system, organism

Question 2

Organelle (levels)

Answer 2

sub-cellular structures

Question 3

Cell (levels)

Answer 3

The basic unit of life

Question 4

Tissue (levels)

Answer 4

Similar cells work together for one or more particular functions

Question 5

Organ (levels)

Answer 5

Different tissues work together for one or more particular functions

Question 6

System (levels)

Answer 6

Different organs work together for a particular function

Question 7

Organism (levels)

Answer 7

Different systems work together to maintain life

Question 8

Orientation of the imaged

Answer 8

magnified and inverted

Question 9

Uses for cover slip

Answer 9

Flatten the tissue for observation
Prevent the objective lens from touching the specimen
Prevent the objective lens from getting dirty
Prevent the cells from drying out

Question 10

Peeling of epidermis

Answer 10

To separate a thin tissue for observation

Question 11

Staining with iodine solution

Answer 11

To make certain cells more distinct (e.g. nucleus)

Question 12

Adding a drop of water

Answer 12

To reduce the refraction of light

Question 13

The specimen must be thin

Answer 13

To allow sufficient amount of light to pass through the specimen

Question 14

Lower the cover slip with a pair of forceps slowly

Answer 14

To prevent the formation of air bubbles

Question 15

Wipe up spills

Answer 15

To keep the slide dry

Question 16

Observing a wet mount

Answer 16

Keep the stage of the microscope horizontal, never tilt it

Question 17

7 characteristics of organisms

Answer 17

Reproduction, growth, nutrition, respirtaion, irritability, movement, excretion (gerrmin)

Question 18

Growth (?)

Answer 18

Organsims increase in size, mass and height, complexity

Question 19

Excretion (?+i)

Answer 19

Organism remove the waste products produced from metabolic reactions inside the body
to remove harmful metabolic wastes
maintains a constant internal environment

Question 20

Reproduction (?+i)

Answer 20

Organisms have the ability to produce offspring
to allow the species to continue
to increase the number of offspring

Question 21

Respiration (coo)

Answer 21

All organisms oxidize food to release energy for body activities

Question 21

Movement

Answer 21

Organism have the ability to move part of or the whole body
I: to find food, to escape from enemies, to find mates for reproduction

Question 22

irritablility

Answer 22

Organisms have the ability to detect and respond to change in environment
To increase the chance of survival of organisms

Question 23

Nutrition

Answer 23

All living things have to make or obtain their own food
Food provides us with raw materials from growth and repair
Food provides us with energy for movement

Question 24

Rough ER (F)

Answer 24

a SITE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS

Question 25

Smooth ER (F)

Answer 25

A site for the synthesis of lipids

Question 26

Ribosome (F)

Answer 26

Involved in the synthesis of proteins

Question 27

Cell wall (F)

Answer 27

Protects, support and gives shape to the plant cell

Question 28

Cell wall (S)

Answer 28

Thick and rigid outermost layer Fully permeable --> allows all water and dissolved substance to pass through

Question 29

working principle of light microscopes

Answer 29

Light passes through a specimen or a thin slide of it to form an image

Question 30

working principle of transmission electron microscopes

Answer 30

Electron beams pass through a very thin slide of specimen to form an image

Question 31

working principle of scanning electron microscopes

Answer 31

Electron beams scan over the surface of a specimen to form an image

Question 32

Appearance of the image produced from light microscopes

Answer 32

Coloured image

Question 33

Appearance of the imaged produced from TEM

Answer 33

Black and white two-dimensional image showing the internal structures of the specimen

Question 34

Appearance of the imaged produced from SEM

Answer 34

Black and white three-dimensional image showing the external structures of the specimen

Question 35

Advantages of Light microscopes

Answer 35

Living specimens can be observed Specimens can be prepared easily

Question 36

Advantages of Electron microscopes

Answer 36

Magnification and resolution of the images are higher, so more details can be seen

Question 37

Eyepiece (mcs)

Answer 37

a magnifying lens which our eyes look through

Question 38

Body tube (mcs)

Answer 38

It holds the eyepiece and the objectives

Question 39

Nosepiece (mcs)

Answer 39

We can rotate it to choose the objective required

Question 40

Objectives (mcs)

Answer 40

A magnifying lens pointing to the specimen

Question 41

Condenser (mcs)

Answer 41

A lens that focuses light onto the specimen

Question 42

Diaphragm (mcs)

Answer 42

We can adjust it the control the amount of light shone onto the specimen

Question 43

Light source (mcs)

Answer 43

Provides light for viewing the specimen

Question 44

Arm (mcs)

Answer 44

We hold it when carrying the microscope from place to place

Question 45

Coarse adjustment knob (mcs)

Answer 45

We turn it to raise or lower the stage to get a rough focus Turning it causes a large movement of the stage

Question 46

Fine adjustment knob (mcs)

Answer 46

We turn it to raise or lower the stage to get a sharp focus Turning it causes a smaller movement of the stage Use it when the speciment is in rough focus

Question 47

Stage (mcs)

Answer 47

We clip the slide here for observation It can be raised or lowered to focus

Question 48

Base (mcs)

Answer 48

supports the whole microscope