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Survey Of British And Postcolonial Literature > S3: The Victorian Age > Flashcards

S3: The Victorian Age Flashcards

1
Q

What were themes of the Victorian Novel? (3)

A
  • progress vs. Crisis
  • nostalgia: historical novel and national tale
  • industrialisation
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2
Q

What are characteristics of the Victorian Novel? (4)

A
  • serialisation (mass product)
  • three-volume novels (extra income for lending libraries)
  • instalments in magazines: readers buy new issue every week
  • cliffhangers
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3
Q

What was George Eliot’s name before?

A

Mary Anne Evans

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4
Q

What are 3 of George Eliot’s main works?

A
  • Adam Bede (1859)
  • Mill on the Floss (1860)
  • Silas Marner (1861)
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5
Q

What are Sir Walter Scott’s main works?

A
  • Waverley (1814)
  • Bride of Lammermoor (1819)
  • Ivanhoe (1819)
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6
Q

What is a characteristic of Sir Walter Scott’s work?

A

He is “inventing” a national character of Scotland by retelling the past

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7
Q

What does the industrial novel question?

A

Englands condition

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8
Q

What are examples of Industrial novels? (3)

A
  • Benjamin Disraeli, Sybil (1845)
  • Charlotte Brontë, Shirley (1849)
  • Charles Dickens, Hard Times (1854)
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9
Q

Was Charles Dickens poor or rich in his childhood?

A

Poor

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10
Q

What are 3 of Charles Dickens major works?

A
  • Oliver Twist (1837-1839)
  • Christmas Carol (1843)
  • Hard Times (1854)
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11
Q

What are themes in “hard times”?

A
  • bleakness/ugliness
  • numbers/statistics/facts
  • mathematics vs. Empathy
  • statistics vs. Human nature
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12
Q

What were social concerns during the industrialisation?

A
  • poverty
  • child-labour
  • child-abuse
  • penitentery reforms
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13
Q

What did the new Poor Laws (1834) implement?

A
  • forced labour
  • prison-like institution
  • no outdoor-relief
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14
Q

Who was Thomas Hardy?

A

Poet and novelist
Realism
Wessex novels

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15
Q

What are 2 of Thomas Hardy’s major works?

A
  • The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886)
  • Jude the obscure (1895)
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16
Q

What are themes in Thomas Hardy’s works?

A
  • female sexuality: sensuality vs. Fragility
  • sex vs. Pure love
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17
Q

What are characteristics of Victorian poetry? (2)

A
  • interest in the medieval period, legends, fairy tales, etc
  • struggle between science and religion
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18
Q

Who was Matthew Arnold?

A
  • poet and cultural critic
  • professorship at Oxford
  • also worked as a school inspector
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19
Q

What are 2 of Matthew Arnold’s major works?

A
  • New Poems (1867)
  • Culture and Anarchy (1869)
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20
Q

What are motifs of Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold?

A
  • oscillating between description of beach and metaphorical use
  • nature = shift from Romantic tradition to a more unsettling view
  • individual: shift from security to isolation and confusion
  • the poet: connected through the ages, but not able to conjure up a more optimistic worldview
  • loss of possibilities of salvation
21
Q

Who was Alfred, Lord Tennyson?

A
  • poet laureate (1850)
  • peerage in 1883
  • seat in House of Lords
  • admired by queen Victoria
22
Q

What are motifs of “in memoriam A.H.H.” (1849)?

A
  • friendship
  • mourning
  • loss of trust
  • insecurity, change
  • science/nature vs religion
23
Q

What’s the metre of “In memoriam A.H.H”?

A

133 cantos; four line stanzas (abba) in iambic tetrameter = in memoriam stanza

24
Q

By whom is “The lady of Shallot”?

A

Alfred, Lord Tennyson

25
Q

What is the source of “The Lady of Shallot”?

A

14th century novellöa la Damigella di Scalot

26
Q

What are the 4 parts of “The Lady of Shallot”?

A
  1. Description of setting
  2. Description of the lady
  3. Appearance of Lancelot
  4. Death of the Lady
27
Q

What is the metre of “The Lady of Shallot”?

A

19 stanzas
Rhyme scheme aaaa b ccc b (b always Lancelot/Shallot = refrain)

28
Q

What are motifs and themes of “The Lady of Shallot”?

A
  • gender (awakening of female desire, female gaze, curse)
  • art (isolation, imitation)
29
Q

What are characteristics of “The Lady of Shallot”?

A
  • song-like quality
  • sensory descriptions
  • repetition = fairy tale, nursery rhyme
30
Q

By whom was the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood founded?

A

William Holman-Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Everett Millais in 1848

31
Q

Against what was the pre-raphaelite Brotherhood?

A
  • royal academy’s championing of renaissance painter Raphael
  • against genre paintings
32
Q

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a precursor of…

A

Symbolism

33
Q

Who was Christina Rosetti’s brother?

A

Dante G. Rosetti

34
Q

What is Christina Rosetti’s major work?

A

Goblin Market (1862)

35
Q

What are themes of Goblin Market? (4)

A
  • sensuality
  • temptation
  • transgression
  • female resistance and solidarity
36
Q

What kind of poem is “goblin market”?

A

Narrative poem, no set rhyme scheme/metrical pattern

37
Q

Who was Robert Browning?

A

Poet and playwritght
Wife: Elizabeth Barrett Browning

38
Q

What are 2 of Robert Brownings major works?

A
  • My Last Duchess
  • The Pied Piper of Hamelin
39
Q

What is a dramatic monologue?

A
  • spoken by a specific character who is not the poet or an unspecified first person speaker
  • presence of an addressee, how the addressee responds to the speaker is not directly represented but might be constructed
  • speaker’s characters and the whole story are revealed through the monologue; not explicitly told
40
Q

Where was Rudyard Kipling born/educated?
Who was he?

A

Born in Bombay/British India
Educated in India and England

41
Q

What are 2 of Rudyard Kipling’s major works?

A
  • the jungle book (1894)
  • Kim (1901)
42
Q

By whom is “The White Man’s Burden”?

A

Rudyard Kipling

43
Q

What was the white man’s burden written for?
When was it published?

A

Written for Victoria’s Jubilee in 1897
Published on 4 February in The Times and one day later in the New York Times

44
Q

What is the historical backdrop of “The White Man’s Burden”?

A

Spanish-American War 1898
Philippine-American War 1899-1902

45
Q

How is “The White Man’s Burden” understood?

A
  • imperative to enforce colonial rule
  • white race is morally destined to colonialism other, non-white and taken to be inferior, peoples
  • mission of civilisation
46
Q

What did “The White Man’s Burden” spark?

A

Critique: satiric responses that address the white supremacist perspective (“The Black Man’s Burden”)

47
Q

List 3 interests, motifs or themes in the poetry of the Victorian era.

A
  • medievalism, legends and folktales
  • struggle between science and religion
  • transgressions
48
Q

In what ways are the novels of Charles Dickens considered characteristic of the Victorian (industrial) novel?

A
  • focus on working class life and characters
  • set in urban environments, usually London
  • concerned with the English Question (key issues in Victorian society)
49
Q

What are characteristics of the Victorian Age?

A
  • interest in the medieval period, legends, fairy tales, etc.
  • struggle between science and religion transgressions

Survey Of British And Postcolonial Literature (9 decks)

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